Non Destructive Testing In The Aerospace Industry

Non Destructive Testing In The Aerospace Industry Since several years, technology has been improved tremendously and is still in a need for advancement due to the increasing growth of demands. In todays economy structures must remain for operation for such longer period than originally anticipated. The ageing effect on these structures is becoming significant. Non-destructive testing  (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage  Because NDT does not permanently alter the article being inspected, it is a highly-valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research. Common NDT methods include  ultrasonic,  magnetic-particle,  liquid-penetrant,  radiographic and  eddy-current testing. NDT is a commonly-used tool in  forensic engineering,  mechanical engineering,  electrical engineering,  civil engineering,  systems engineering,  aeronautical engi neering,  medicine, and  art.(3) The development of Non destructive testing examines the techniques to verify the conditions of these structures and these developments are focused on extending the cost of maintenance of the existing structures. History: It may be said that NDT has been used from ancient times. The audible ring of a Damascus sword blade would show the indication of the strength of the metal in combat. This technique was also used by the early blacksmiths. They used to listen to the ring of different metals being shaped. The same technique was also used by early bell makers. Visual testing had been used for many years for a wide range of applications. Heat sensing was used to monitor thermal changes in materials and sonic tests were performed years ago(1). NDT by far is a visual testings which is the oldest mankind testing, this was used for visual checking knifes. The first use of NDT was done by a English man S.H.Saxby . who used compass for finding cracks in gun pipes in 1868.With a long established history in non-destructive testing (NDT), producing its first UV meter in the late 1960s (as Levy West Laboratories), AST is the market leader with the Levy Hill MkVI meter. NDT is well known as a part of industrial procedures, but it is also of importance in examinations of a more general interest in everyday life. In the aerospace industry, NDT can make the difference between life and death. Aircraft components are inspected before they are assembled into the aircraft and then they are periodically inspected throughout their useful life. Aircraft parts are designed to be as light as possible while still performing their intended function. This generally means that components carry very high loads relative to their material strength and small flaws can cause a component to fail. Since aircraft are cycled (loaded and unloaded) as they fly, land, taxi, and pressurize the cabin, many components are prone to fatigue cracking after some length of time. Even parts that are loaded well below the level that causes them to deform can develop fatigue cracks after being cycled for a long time. Cracking can also occur due to other things like a lightning strike. Aircraft have some protection against lightning strikes but occasionally they occur and can results in cracks forming at the strike location. The historical development of NDT is outlined for each technique. The second oldest method was the Acoustics it has been used by ancient time when man started making the pottery vessels. Table1. Table below shows a list of some of the key events in the chronology of NDT. (1) Year Chronology of Early Key Events in NDT 1800 First thermography observations by Sir William Herschel 1831 First Observation of electromagnetic induction by Michael Faraday 1840 First infrared image produced by Herschels son, John 1868 First reference to magnetic particle testing reported by S.H. Saxby, by observing how magnetized gun barrels affect a compass 1879 Early use of eddy currents to detect differences in conductivity, magnetic permeability, and temperature initiated by E. Hughes 1880-1920 Oil and whiting technique, forerunner of present-day penetrant test used for railroad axles and boilerplates 1895 X-rays discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1898 Radium discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie. 1922 Industrial Radiography for metals developed by Dr. H.H. Lester. 1927-28 Electric current induction/ magnetic field detection system developed by Dr. Elmer Sperry and H.C. Drake for the inspection of railroad track. 1929 Magnetic particle tests/ equipment pioneered by A.V. deforest and F.B. Doane. 1930 Practical uses for gamma radiography using radiumwere demonstrated by Dr. Robert F. Mehl 1935-40 Penetrant techniques developed by Betz, Doane , and deForest 1935-40 Eddy current developments by H. C. Knerr, C. Farrow, Theo Zuschlag, and Dr. F. Foerster 1940-44 Ultrasonic test metod developed in United States by Dr. Floyd Firestone 1942 First Ultrasound flaw detector using pulse-echo introduced by D.O. Sproule 1946 First portable ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument, the Audigage, was introduced by Branson 1950 Acoustic emission introduced as an NDT method by J. Kaiser Mid 1950s First ultrasonic testing immersion B and C scan instruments developed by Donald C. Erdman From the late 1950s to present, NDT has seen many developments, innovation, and growth. The roots of non-destructive testing began to take form prior to the 1920s. In the 1920s there was an awareness of some of some of the magnetic particle tests, the visual test and also X-radiography. Prior to World War II, design engineers were content to rely on unusually high safety factors which were usually built or engineered into many products. In addition, there were a significant number of catastrophic failures and other accidents relating to product inadequacies that bought the concern for system and component quality to the forefront. (1) Background History of Individual Testings: Magnetic Particle Test: Saxby used a magnetic compass to locate the defects and in homogeneities in gun barrels in 1868. Herring in 1879 obtained a patent in United States for the defection of defects in railway lines using a compass needle. Deliberate studies were carried out by A.V. de Forest in 1928 and 1929 of the use of magnetic particles for non-destructive testing of ferromagnetic materials. In 1936, Unger and Hilpert described in a patent in Germany at where the inspection of aircraft engine parts, engines for fatigue cracks are developed rapidly and the magnetic particle testing was made mandatory. The real breakthrough for magnetic particle testing came, in 1960s these methods was further greatly developed by C.Betz. Radiography: Wilhelm.Conrad. Roentgen discovered X rays in 8 November 1895 when it was observed by him that fluorescent glow of crystals on a table near the cathode ray tube. Later the penetrating radiations were characterized systematically which are emitted by cathode ray tubes. These represent the very first radiographs taken in 1896. He conducted a test on his own hunting rifle. Radiograph of the rifle showed some defects in the material and was the start of industrial radiography. Penetrant Test: It is a simple and effective method of examining surface areas for defects, cracks and discontinuities. Rubbing of carbon black on glazed pottery is one of the early surface inspections. Later on in 1940 magnetic particle method was introduced which is more sensitive. Many of the earlier developments were carried out by Magnaflux, IL USA. In 1942 it introduced Zyglo system where the fluorescent dyes were added to the liquid penetrant. The methods were formerly called The oil and whiting method and were used by the huge locomotives in the beginning of the 20th century.(13) Ultrasonic testing: Richardson proposed Echo ranging detection of objects at sea in 1912. Later, Lavengin developed a source of ultrasonic waves by using the piezoelectric effect with quartz crystals between steel plates. Future on experiments was carried out by Boyle and by Wood by using quartz piezoelectric transducers. The most simple and quick method came up in 1940 by Firestone. The method avoided many of the problems which were associated with standing wave formation. Then in 1942 Firestone was the first to use his own method for the sonar. The two German brothers H and J. Krautkramer did a lot of research of method and contributed for the development of method. Since their time method has gone through several phases of development. Eddy Current Test: Jean-Bernard Leon Foucault is generally credited with the first clear demonstration of eddy currents, by showing that electrical currents are set up in a copper disk moving in a non uniform magnetic field. Hughes is considered to have been the pioneer in using Eddy currents to inspect the metals. Eddy currents are also known as Induced currents which can only exist in conducting materials.(13) The use of NDT methods took place during the Second World War started from the testings of submarines and airplanes. During these years the use of NDT is seen in the inspection of nuclear power plant components, pressure vessels and car parts. Aim: To investigate the use of various NDT methods in industry. Objectives: To Conduct research on NDT and its applications To identify key components of an aircraft, where likely hood of crack is high. To test the components with appropriate NDT methods. To perform penetrant test to identify the cracks in a gear. Initial Plan As the project initiates with the major task of carrying out the background reading and researching, great amount of time has to be required to collect information about project. A great deal of time has been spent on background reading. Project requires thorough knowledge on NDT in aerospace and its classification. A detailed background reading has been done to understand the concept of NDT. Background reading has also been done on different types of NDT testings and its classifications. A detailed study has been done on the history of NDT. Background Reading: Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Non-destructive testing is the process by which materials, components or assemblies can be inspected without affecting their ultimate serviceability. It offers some important advantages over destructive testing processes such as mechanical testing. A destructive test must necessarily be on a sample basis. This is acceptable in many cases: to check that a batch of material is within specification, for example, or as a sample check on a large number of identical components. But a sample destructive test may not be feasible for a small number of high value components and in critical cases a 100% inspection may be required. Because of this, one key role of NDT is in assuring the quality of many manufacturing processes. NDT can also be used to test components which have been subjected to service conditions. A welded structure can be inspected to detect fatigue cracking. NDT results can further be used to aid decisions on the need for and timing of repairs. Suitable techniques, correctly applied, can be used to measure the depth of a fatigue crack. This, coupled with knowledge of the system stresses, the toughness of the material and the fatigue crack growth rate, can be used to determine if a cracked component can be left in service until the next planned overhaul period. These twin roles of NDT ensure that the technology will continue to play a fundamental role in materials testing.  Aircrafts are designed to withstand a certain amount of damage from cracking and corrosion without cause for concern, and NDT inspectors are trained to find the damage before it becomes a major problem.  The rigorous process used to design aircraft either allows for a certain amount of damage to occur before a part fails, or in many cases, a part can fail completely and performance of the aircraft will not be affected. The job of the NDT inspector is to find the damage while it is within acceptable limits.(5) Role of NDT Non destructive testing can be taken place at any transportation industry. The main aim is to consider the over view of all the terms of NDT and its applications and also to consider research on the optical methods. This is considered to be one of the important terms in the project. Another term is to do research on the optical methods which are implemented on the aircraft parts. (12) Types of methods: The number of NDT methods that can be used to inspect components and make whether the measurements are large and continues to grow. Researchers continue to find new ways of applying physics and other scientific disciplines to develop better NDT methods. However, there are six NDT methods that are used most often. These methods are visual inspection, penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, electromagnetic or eddy current testing, radiography, and ultrasonic testing. These methods and a few others are briefly described below. (12) Visual and Optical Testing (VT)   Visual inspection involves using an inspectors eyes to look for defects. The inspector may also use special tools such as magnifying glasses, mirrors, or bore scopes to gain access and more closely inspect the subject area. Visual examiners follow procedures that range from simple to very complex. The principle behind Visual testing is the use of reflected or transmitted light from test object that is imagined with the human eye or other light-sensing device. VT finds its application in many industries ranging from raw materials to finished products and in-service inspection. VT can be inexpensive and simple with minimal training required. It has broad scope of uses and benefits. However VT can only evaluate surface conditions. Also effective source of illumination is required. (1) Penetrant Testing (PT) Test objects are coated with visible or fluorescent dye solution. Excess dye is then removed from the surface, and a developer is applied. The developer acts as blotter, drawing trapped penetrant out of imperfections open to the surface. With visible dyes, vivid colour contrasts between the penetrant and developer make bleed out easy to see. With fluorescent dyes, ultraviolet light is used to make the bleed out fluoresce brightly, thus allowing imperfections to be readily seen. (6) Figure1: Figure illustrating a simple Penetrant testing (8) The principle behind PT is that a liquid containing visible or fluorescent dye is applied to the surface and the fluid enters the discontinuities by capillary action. PT finds its application in virtually any solid non-absorbent material having uncoated surfaces that are not contaminated. PT is relatively easy and materials are inexpensive. It is extremely sensitive and very versatile. Also minimal training is required. Discontinuities can only be found on the surface. The surface condition must be relatively smooth and free of contaminants. (1) Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)HYPERLINK http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/cc_mpi_index.htm   This NDE method is accomplished by inducing a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material and then dusting the surface with iron particles (either dry or suspended in liquid). Surface and near-surface imperfections distort the magnetic field and concentrate iron particles near imperfections, previewing a visual indication of the flaw. (6) Figure2. Figure illustrating the basic concept of Magnetic Particle Testing (9) The principle behind MT is that the test particle is magnetized and fine ferromagnetic particles are applied to the surface, hence aligning at discontinuity. MT finds its application in all ferromagnetic materials, for surface and subsurface discontinuities. It can be used in large and small parts. MT is relatively easy to use. Equipment and material is usually inexpensive. MT is highly sensitive and fast compared to PT. However in MT only surface and a few subsurface discontinuities can be detected. The test can be only done on ferromagnetic materials. (1) Electromagnetic Testing (ET) or Eddy Current Testing Electrical currents are generated in a conductive material by an induced alternating magnetic field. The electrical currents are called eddy currents because they flow in circles at and just below the surface of the material. Interruptions in the flow of eddy currents, caused by imperfections, dimensional changes, or changes in the materials conductive and permeability properties, can be detected with the proper equipment. Figure3: Figure illustrating Eddy Current Testing (10) The principle behind ET is that localised electric fields are induced into a conductive test specimen by electromagnetic induction. ET finds its application in virtually all conductive materials. All conductive materials can be examined for flaws, metallurgical conditions, thinning and conductivity. ET is quick, versatile, and sensitive. It can be no contacting. Also it can be easily adaptable to automation. However variables must be understood and controlled. (1) Radiography (RT)HYPERLINK http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/cc_rad_index.htm   Radiography involves the use of penetrating gamma or X-radiation to examine parts and products for imperfections. An X-ray generator or radioactive isotope is used as a source of radiation. Radiation is directed through a part and onto film or other imaging media. The resulting shadowgraph shows the dimensional features of the part. Possible imperfections are indicated as density changes on the film. Figure4: Figure illustrating the basic principle of Radiographic Testing (11) The principle behind RT is that a radiographic film is exposed when radiation passes through the test object. RT finds its application in most material, shapes and structures. RT is the most widely used and accepted volumetric examination. RT can used only on limited thickness based on material density. Also there is a possible threat of radiation hazard.(1) Ultrasonic Testing (UT)HYPERLINK http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/cc_ut_index.htm   It uses transmission of high-frequency sound waves into a material to detect imperfections or to locate changes in material properties. The most commonly used ultrasonic testing technique is pulse echo, wherein sound is introduced into a test object and reflections (echoes) are returned to a receiver from internal imperfections or from the parts geometrical surfaces. Figure5: Figure illustrating the basic concept of Ultrasonic Testing (11) The principle behind UT is that high frequency sound pulses from a transducer propagate through the test material, reflecting at interfaces. Most materials can be examined if sound transmission and surface finish are good and shape is not complex. UT provides precise, high-sensitivity results quickly. Thickness information, depth, and type of flaw can be obtained from one side of the component. (1) Work to date As suggested by the project plan, the entire duration of the project is distributed variably as required by different tasks commencing from the basic research and reading. According to the project plan the research was done on few NDT techniques and some of the techniques are still under research, along with types of methods and its techniques. Necessary Future Work A more detailed and precise study of non destructive testings in aero industry is to be done. Project requires identifying various testings in Aerospace industry. A detailed study should be done on techniques and testings of NDT in Aerospace industry. A precise study of industrial applications and research should be done on optical methods. Key components of an aircraft should be identified and finally components may be tested by appropriate NDT methods. The main project work to be done is perform a Dye Penetrant Testing to identify cracks on gear. Dye penetrant inspection  (DPI), also called  liquid penetrant inspection  (LPI) or  penetrant testing(PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials. The main steps in Liquid Penetrant Inspection which are intended to be performed on the gear may be: Pre-cleaning: The test surface is to be cleaned to remove any dirt, paint, oil, grease or any loose scale that could keep the penetrant out of a defect. Application of Penetrant: The penetrant is to be then applied to the surface of the item which is to be tested.   Excess Penetrant Removal: The excess penetrant is to be then removed from the surface. Application of Developer: After excess penetrant has been removed a white developer is to be applied. Inspection: The inspection is to be done using visible light with adequate intensity for visible dye penetrant. Post Cleaning: The test surface is then to be cleaned after inspection and recording of defects. Summary It is clear that NDT has advantage from other inspection techniques as it does not make any changes to the article. It is a highly-valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research. NDT is very useful in order to detect cracks in materials of magnitude in micrometers. (2) Its aerospace application includes detection of cracks caused due to corrosion, fatigue and their synergistic interactions. Crank shafts, frames, flywheels, crane hooks, shaft, steam turbine blades and fasteners are some of the components which are more vulnerable to fatigue so regular inspection is necessary via NDT method. Typical components which are inspected using NDT method by manufacture in order to maintain quality are turbine rotor disc and blades, aircraft wheels, castings, forged components and welded assemblies. One of the NDT methods is Eddy current technique which can be used to check tube, bar and wire and also this method is automatic and highly sophisticated.(3) It can be said that NDT method has to be carried out in order for the aircraft to operate safely during service time and avoid any accidental damage due to fatigue and corrosion.(2) In this report, a detailed explanation of NDT testings and techniques are explained. The uses of NDT in different industrial applications are explained and a precise study on optical methods is done. According to the project plan, next task would be to conduct research on NDT applications. List of Tables Table1: Table showing a list of some of the key events in the chronology of NDT List of figures Figure1: Figure illustrating a simple Penetrant testing Figure2. Figure illustrating the basic concept of Magnetic Particle Testing Figure3: Figure illustrating Eddy Current Testing Figure4: Figure illustrating the basic principle of Radiographic Testing Figure5: Figure illustrating the basic concept of Ultrasonic Testing

catcher in the rye :: essays research papers

As defined in The American Heritage Dictionary, symbolism is defined as the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings of significance to objects. The book â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger was the only novel he has written. The novel The Catcher in the Rye is about a boy named Holden Caulfield who’s trying to find himself and what he’s supposed to do with his life. Through his journey he gets kicked out of many schools, interacts with unusual characters, and has many different events that are unusual. Throughout the novel, he will be told he needs some kind of help and at the end he too will realize it himself. Why is Holden’s red hunting hat significant because, his hat is red like Allies hair, he’s hunting for truth, and he wears it like a catcher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Holden’s red hunting hat is significant because of him wanting to be the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye†. Also, Holden’s red hunting hat demonstrates symbolism because his hat is representing the fact that he wants to â€Å"save kids from losing their innocence† by catching them as would a catcher do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"And I am standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all† (173 Salinger). Also, Holden’s trying to save kids from making the same mistakes that he would by catching them before jumping into adulthood he doesn’t want them to grow up making the same mistakes that he did. Holden soon realizes that he can’t catch every single kid from falling into adulthood because it isn’t in his powers to help them because it’s a move they have to take.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second, Holden’s red hunting hat has another significance which is being that it’s the same color as the color of Allies hair. This demonstrates symbolism because he really didn’t have a closer relationship with Allie. He feels bad that he had blown them off those few times that he wanted to hang out with him. Also, Allies red hair and Holden’s red hat reminds Holden about his brother and what he meant to him.

The Neo-Kantians and the Logicist Definition of Number :: Mathematics Math Mathematical Papers

The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number ABSTRACT: The publication of Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Couturat's Les principes des mathematiques (1905) incited several prominent neo-Kantians to make up their mind about the logicist program. In this paper, I shall discuss the critiques presented by the following neo-Kantians: Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer and Jonas Cohn. They argued that Russell's attempt to deduce the number concept from the class concept is a petitio principii. Russell replied that the sense in which every object is 'one' must be distinguished from the sense in which 'one' is a number. I claim that Russell was wrong in dismissing the neo-Kantian argument as an elementary logical error. To accept Russell's distinction would be to accept at least part of Russell's logicist program. The expression 'a class with one member' would presuppose the number 'one' only if one simultaneously accepted the analysis which mathematical logic provides for it (the class u has one member when u is not null a nd 'x and y are us' implies 'x and y are identical'). My point is that the aforementioned analysis provided by mathematical logic was something that the neo-Kantians were not ready to accept. Although Frege published the first informal exposition of his 'logicist' programme in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (1884), his thesis that all mathematics follows from logic was almost completely neglected in Germany for a long time. Frege remained an isolated figure whose works were either strongly criticised or completely neglected by German philosophers. Frege's ideas started to have an impact in Germany only in the first decade of the twentieth century. In particular, the publication of Bertand Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Louis Couturat's Les principes des mathà ©matiques (1905) incited several prominent German philosophers to state their opinion about mathematical logic and the logicist programme. In this paper I shall discuss how the neo-Kantians Paul Natorp (1854-1924), Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) and Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) criticised Russell's and Frege's theories of number. The study of their criticism will also throw some light on the historical orig ins of the current situation in philosophy, that is, on the split between analytic and Continental philosophy. 1. The 'logicist' definition of number as a class of classes According to Russell, the goal of the logicist programme is to show that all pure mathematics deals exclusively with concepts definable in terms of a very small number of fundamental logical concepts, and that all its propositions are deducible from a very small number of fundamental logical principles (Russell 1903: v). The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number :: Mathematics Math Mathematical Papers The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number ABSTRACT: The publication of Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Couturat's Les principes des mathematiques (1905) incited several prominent neo-Kantians to make up their mind about the logicist program. In this paper, I shall discuss the critiques presented by the following neo-Kantians: Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer and Jonas Cohn. They argued that Russell's attempt to deduce the number concept from the class concept is a petitio principii. Russell replied that the sense in which every object is 'one' must be distinguished from the sense in which 'one' is a number. I claim that Russell was wrong in dismissing the neo-Kantian argument as an elementary logical error. To accept Russell's distinction would be to accept at least part of Russell's logicist program. The expression 'a class with one member' would presuppose the number 'one' only if one simultaneously accepted the analysis which mathematical logic provides for it (the class u has one member when u is not null a nd 'x and y are us' implies 'x and y are identical'). My point is that the aforementioned analysis provided by mathematical logic was something that the neo-Kantians were not ready to accept. Although Frege published the first informal exposition of his 'logicist' programme in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (1884), his thesis that all mathematics follows from logic was almost completely neglected in Germany for a long time. Frege remained an isolated figure whose works were either strongly criticised or completely neglected by German philosophers. Frege's ideas started to have an impact in Germany only in the first decade of the twentieth century. In particular, the publication of Bertand Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Louis Couturat's Les principes des mathà ©matiques (1905) incited several prominent German philosophers to state their opinion about mathematical logic and the logicist programme. In this paper I shall discuss how the neo-Kantians Paul Natorp (1854-1924), Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) and Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) criticised Russell's and Frege's theories of number. The study of their criticism will also throw some light on the historical orig ins of the current situation in philosophy, that is, on the split between analytic and Continental philosophy. 1. The 'logicist' definition of number as a class of classes According to Russell, the goal of the logicist programme is to show that all pure mathematics deals exclusively with concepts definable in terms of a very small number of fundamental logical concepts, and that all its propositions are deducible from a very small number of fundamental logical principles (Russell 1903: v).

The Use Of The Word Love :: essays research papers

Six months after I met a young man, he expressed to me how much he loved me. Being sixteen years old, I thought it to be very flattering but I could not accept him saying this to me. The word, love in the romantic sense, is something that would take so much out of me to say to a person. Love is something that you express to someone that you can not, in any way, see living your life without. The last time I saw the young man who supposedly loved me, was on my seventeenth birthday when he told me I was a waste of his time. Love is the strongest emotion and most powerful word anyone can say to someone else. Some people use the word love everyday as though it is not as big of a deal as it really is. Jewel's song, "Always," illustrates a definition of love. The first line of the song totally defines love in the same way I do with, "Please don't say 'I love you,' those words touch me much too deeply." With this one line, my entire definition of love is presented. There are other things people can love: a pet, family members, certain kinds of food but these are all loved by a different kind of love. There are millions of ways you can love, but this kind of love does not happen all the time to a person. It is the kind of love that is not there at the beginning, but grows inside you. This kind of love is for another person that you can not see your life without, even though at one time it was without that person. To express this to someone is to propose to commit your life to that other person. The other person may not feel the same way and that is why it is hard to accept someone saying that. One expressing their love to another is the greatest compliment one could ever receive for they are wanted in someone else's life forever.There are some people that do not understand the meaning of love and use it all the time as though it was just some word that makes people happy. The young man who told me he loved me also told me a month later that I was a waste of his time. He is an example of someone using the word just to make others or even himself happy.

President Roosevelt’s Goals

Upon his election to deliver the New Deal, an unprecedented number of reforms addressing the catastrophic effects of the Great Depression, Roosevelt felt it was the federal government's duty to help the American people weather these bad times. His first duty as president was to declare a four-day bank Holiday, during which time congress drafted the Emergency Banking Bill of 1933, which stabilized the Banking ystem.This restored faith in the Banking systems for the people. Three months later he signed the Glass-Steagall Act, which created the FDIC, federally insuring deposits. The Civil Conservation Corps was one of the New Deal's most successful programs. It addressed the pressing problem of unemployment sending millions of men to the Nations' forests to work. The Works Progress Administration program; Roosevelt's major work program, would employ 8. 5 million Americans to build airports, parks, ridges, etc.Other programs included were, The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and The National Recovery Administration (NRA) were created to help unemployment. The Federal Emergency Relief Program (FERA) gave 3 million to states for work relief programs. The Agricultural Act subsidized farmers for reducing crops and provided loans for farmers facing bankruptcy. The Home Owner's loan Corporation (HOLC) helped people save their homes from foreclosure. The Deal Programs did not end theGreat Depression, they did however help Americans by taking care of their basic needs and giving them the dignity of work and hope. President Roosevelt not only got the American people a start in the Great Depression but he would go on to pass a few more important deal programs. The Wagner Act, one of the most important pieces of labor legislation in History. It supported the rights of working class Americans, guaranteeing workers' the right to organize Unions and bargaining with management. Then there was the SocialSecurity Act in 1935 proposed by Roosevelt. This Act has proved to be the most significant and far-reaching of all the New Deal initiatives. The Social Security Act was to help those who were disabled, blind, or elder. The New Social Security tax took money right out of worker's pockets and placed it into a retirement trust fund, exacerbating the shrinking money supply that was one of the main causes of the Great Depression. President Roosevelt created another major bill called the Revenue Act, it raised taxes on annual income above $50,000.Estate and Gift taxes also rose as did the corporate tax rate. This caused an uproar among businessmen and conservatives, who were fuming at Roosevelt saying he was moving dangerously into a radical direction. Roosevelt countered by stressing he had no love for socialism. Roosevelt steered a zigzag course between the extremes of unregulated Capitalism and socialism. The Greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to restore economic regulatory powers of t federal welfare system.Roosevelt was no socialist, he sought o preserve the basic capitalist structures. The New Deal represented a â€Å"halfway revolution† that altered the Nation's social and political landscape. President Roosevelt had three main goals while in office, to provide assistance to millions of needy Americans, to improve the level of the Economy, and to pass laws that would eradicate poverty and unemployment. People called this the Three R's; Recovery, Relief, and Reform. Due to his dedication to save America from the Great Depression we today can live a better life.

Nutrition Worksheet Essay

1. What is the adduce of the chemical formula you argon evaluating?Grilled cowardly Breast2. Which essential nutrientscarbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals ar include in the convention?Each nutrients are include in the recipe. Carbohydrates are 1.41 grams which append a 0% fooling mensurate. harbor aside fat is 1.46 grams and kneads 2% daily value. Vitamins that are included are A, and C which A is 26.95 with 1% daily value and C 5.43 mg and has a daily value of 9%. Calcium is 16.66 mg and has a daily value of 2% and smoothing iron .92 mg and has a value of 5%. All are genuinely historic in collecting your daily uptake of nutrients.3. Which ingredients are providing each nutrient?The protein is culmination from the chicken which in any case brings some fat. The ail and the salt combined equal the arrive of sodium in the meal. The lemon would bring the vitamin C and Iron. The chicken is spunky in cholesterol which in some diets is non very good dep ending on the persons health.4. Does this recipe include a good oddment of essential nutrients? Explain your be aim.I would answer yes just beca usage chicken is a very salutary thing to eat. chicken has a lot of protein. The body needs protein to sustain your muscles stay strong. In my opinion when flavor to lose fish or turn over fat to muscle chicken thorax is an excellent choose.5. How could the recipe be neutered to include more essential nutrients? How the recipe could be altered would be to boiling point the chicken and not to grill it. another(prenominal) thing would to just use cruddy pepper for taste and cut out the garlic and the lemon. If you were to use salt I would pick up some NO SALT SALT. The is no sodium in that salt. The less things to make it taste gratifying the better.6. Do you consider this a healthy meal? If not, what is a healthy pick? I do consider this a healthy meal. The reason so is that I postulate ate this my entire living. Chicken is a huge severalize to loosing weight for me and for others I know. Chicken provides a commodious potion of proteins that help you lose weight and defecate muscle.Part 2 Nutrition Questions act to the following questions in 75 to cxxv words each1. Do you occur it easy or difficult to assign the nutritional value of solid regimen? What are some methods to help you more slowly determine the nutritional values of food?I do find it laborious to read a food label. The food label is so tricky and buns be wrong in times. It also depends on what kind of diet your on as well. I think by understanding the values helps to understand how to dwell what you eat. A method that I use on choosing what I eat have helped me lose weight. If it was living at virtuoso point in its life it is enormous for your body. If the food has been processed to make it taste better chances are that it holds no key nutritional values.2. What environmental, economic, and psychosocial factors influenced your food and sop up woofs today?I attended an NFL peppy today so lets just say I did not eat healthy. The environment I was in did cause me to not eat or drink as much because of the high prices. When around so much great smelling food and the tradition to have a couple beers and watch your front-runner team win I allow for take my chances. When returning home I did have a nice meal o make up for my braggy choices. I have come to believe that influence does play a key role in what you eat or drink on a daily basis. It just comes down to you to determine what choice you will make.

Week Two Team Doc

The purpose of this spaciotemporal analysis is to discuss the region and unpolished of brazil-nut tree along with our proposed global business venture in the country. Regional compendium brazil has worldwide aloney but is recognized as one of the few nations in the world that does not currently stupefy a regional anyiance (but as you bit out the country is member of NUMEROUS). However, (former) brazilian chairwoman Luis dad Silva in 2008 has looked to change that with his intent of a full region alliance of all of South America, called the Latin all(a)iance (Washington Times, 2008).Currently brazil-nut tree operates ender the Numerous, a form of scotch integration that promotes trade, especially shift trade, such as the exchange of goods, services and property among its members. The members include Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Bola (Wisped, 2013). The brazil-nut treeian physical purlieu Is lush with vegetation, color, territory, infixed resources, an d available aquatic resources. All environments which positively facilitate trade potential for brazil nut and the Region as a whole.South America Is regarded a place where political Instability holds true for al close to of the nations within the region, Brazil Included (Heritage, 2013). As a result of the political instability economic conditions induce also resulted in fluctuation in success, where support and other financial relief can be hard to come by or even out relied upon in general for the region. However, the social conditions arrive looked up in the region for virtually nations as some nations construct seen reductions In corruption with the increase in commerce, health cargon, and environmental acknowledgment (Heritage, 2013).Terrorism is not considered a factor (Internationals, 2013). You should update your understanding of Brazilian political relation and the country global Image. Project finance has not been a recent problem. ) Country Analysis Brazil is one of the largest countries on the continent of South America. all over the years Brazil has had growth in the oil, natural gas, and electricity food markets. The country is also one of the largest consumers of muscle in South America. Brazil is most usually know for having largest rainforests out of all of the destinations on the globe.Because of all of the plant manners that belongs to the rain forest, Brazil produces the most Carbon Dioxide (? ). Brazil has been having a large amount of money of 1 OFF in the rainforests. The deforestation has had an offspring on the environment because of the plant and animal species that argon becoming endangered. It also has an effect on the water and air quality in surrounding cities because of pollution. Brazil has a military but it is not employ very often because the country does not have any enemies or threats to be concerned with.The country has a stable democratic political system, and has no cultural or ethnic conflicts. Politic al leadership like Lull De Silva implemented an economic plan and social reforms that helped them rank high on the UN Human Development Index. Brazil has the 10th largest rescue on a global call and has been sound in debt fill inment, balancing trade, inflation control, and the country has also always kept their currency stable and has been undifferentiated on the exporting of goods. Over the years Brazil has been able to avoid a U. S. Like recessional (? ).Though some cities in Brazil like, ROI De Jeanine have a higher abomination rate than other cities in Brazil it is still seen as a pacifistic place. Some believe the reason for some crime is the 15% poverty rate. Political leaders argon working to increase the employment rate and alter conditions in the poorer areas of Brazil. Organization ND Product Analysis Team B winery was incorporated in Florida in January of 2005 with the idea to create high-end wines for the most finical wine enthusiast. The winery was formed by quaternion friends out of necessity because the selection of fine wines at a fair impairment is scarce.The winery covers a total of six country with four acres devoted to making grapes for Cabernet Sauvignon, and the remainder is used to book Merlot. Originally the group made wine as a hobby for personal consumption for themselves and their friends. It became popular among family and friends so they decided to pursue a business. hence in 2005 the company produced 85 cases of wine with 12 bottles per case at a retail price of $40 US per bottle. Since then the production amount have been 250 cases per year consistently with the ability to remove 500 cases if there was a gather up.To create demand Team B decided to pursue gross sales in Brazil where the wine industry in comparison to the rest of the world is still in its infancy. There is a big wine market in Brazilian weddings. The people of Brazil have extravagant weddings with gourmet wine, food and live music. The weddings themselves are an extravaganza that consists of a wedding party and a separate Rooney that both involve wine. Team B winery wants to position themselves (itself) to gain a market share of the wine sales.Weddings are not the only when festivities the people of Brazil celebrate with the accompaniment of wine. Brazilian enjoy celebrating every milestone in life not Just weddings such as births, anniversaries, birthdays, holidays, deaths, and of manikin Carnival. Family time and celebrations consist of dancing, dressing up, enjoying a delightful meal with a bottle of wine. The consumption of wine is a ritual that is part of every opinion of Brazilian life. There are any holidays in which Brazilian celebrate, but one of the best known across the globe is Carnival, which lasts five days.Each day is exhausted dancing, conga music, and drinking high-end luxurious wine. The food staples of Brazil are sausage, pigs feet, ears and tails, beef and black beans. The winery go out offer th e 2007 Merlot to pair with the meats. The Merlot is Black Ripe razzing wine that boasts a small taste of modify to bring out the taste in the meat. If a more mellow wine is desired the 2008 hiring locals to manage and work the new bottling plant. To help with shipping be ND to keep quality high, the wine go out be shipped in oak barrels from the U. S. Winery and bottled in Brazil.