There is an ongoing debate about the cost-benefit relationship of Essay

on that point is an ongoing debate about the cost-benefit relationship of intrinsic run intos and their ethical implications - Essay Exampleinvestigators cited that the bank lacked exact safeguards against clients laundering money, following a suspicion that illicit drug money was streaming by dint of their internal account. The Regulations by the Federal tolerate require banks to install tight internal controls in order to ferret out any criminal complicatements in their operations (Silver-Greenberg, 2013). This is because weak controls facilitate drug dealers and terrorists to launder money through the financial institutions.The ethical implication of Citigroups case is that it failed to observe the Federals rules of having complex control mechanisms. In this regard, money laundering might have occurred to sustain the drug traders. Banks convey to ensure that they examine their clients to determine the sources and the recipients of the huge sums of money. It is also evide nt that the guidance tried to manipulate its financial statements to hide minutes involving the drug dealers. The bank failed to show the money streamed through its Mexican branches into the US, which was an indication of weak controls. The Federal Reserve claims that the bank does not oversee its operations, which leads to funneling of money in support of sanctioned individuals and countries (Silver-Greenberg, 2013).The accounting ethical standards involve the reporting of accurate financial information without manipulations. This implies that organizations should not tamper with their accounting books to make them appear more(prenominal) profitable to the shareholders and investors. For instance, Citigroup had tampered with its records after the money laundering fraud in the backdrop of increasing dividends. Financial institutions need to observe the Bank Secrecy Act by removing tainted cash through recording of doubtful-activity reports (Silver-Greenberg, 2013). This implies t hat the Citigroup management failed to comply with the rules set by the Federal Reserve, which led to probing into its activities.In order to strengthen

Global companies tax avoidance and CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global companies appraise avoidance and CSR - Essay ExampleIn the toast times, companies save taxation through CSR activities (Barker, 2012). This study aims at discussing the other side of the coin. CSR initiative by the companies is appreciated and motivated by government and regulatory bodies, but there another side of this aspect too, which is negative. The word of honor would be evaluating the evolution of CSR from risk management to tax avoidance tool, with respect to the IT, Internet, softwargon and electronics industry, which would mainly rough drawing examples of those famous companies that has been criticised for their tax avoidance through CSR activities (Elkingtom, 1998). These Companies offer funds on relief and for service to the society. However, the unfeigned amount of fund spent for CSR activities are lesser than the amount show, but these companies get tax gain ground on the amount shown by them for CSR activities. This is a general way how these companies t ry to avoid tax through social services. In order to discuss this issue in detail topics homogeneous drivers behind changing CSR environment, voluntary CSR initiatives, and support of the policy environment would be discussed, so as to understand the theme of this study. integrated Social Responsibility (CSR) Policies and Tax Avoidance According to Organization for Economic Co-operation (OECD), government of every uncouth needs to revise their tax-system, so that they can trap the multinational companies, who dodge the corporate tax. These companies easily trade their profits and offshore and the tax authorities of the country lose billions of money which form an integral constituent of revenue for the government. Tax has been a missing element in the framework of CSR. CSR activities should also have tax obligations or compliance. Tax is portrayed as a cost, whereas it is a part of profit that is distributed back to stakeholders of the company. This reveals that the companies are not only generating revenue from investors capital but also from the funds of the society in which they operate. These funds are use for the development of the infrastructure of the country, growth of the society, education facilities, etc (Elkingtom, 1998) Companies like Google Inc, Amazon.com, etc were severely criticised for tax avoidance in the name of CSR activities. Corporate tax was not such a gripping domain for people previously, and the accountants of these companies easily found loop holes to hide their tax amounts behind social activities done by the company for the society (The Guardian, 2013). Google UK and Amazon are the most talked about companies who were found to be involved in tax evasion activities with the excuse of social activities. Google dropped their motto Dont Be Evil suspiciously and 1 percent of the profit of the company, which was given for charity, was also stopped quietly, without any information. The company was accountable to pay back a tax am ount of 1.2 billion pounds, while it paid ?600,000. It channelled its revenue to Ireland, which has a more open tax system than UK (Barker, 2012). The issue of tax avoidance and CSR is a matter of corporate accountability. This has gained significant in the recent years due to several reasons. Firstly, these companies are acquiring more and more power, and in many another(prenominal) cases they even become more powerful in the location than the regulatory body. Many authors blame issues like welfare standards, environment, labours, and over-commercialisation for such a scenario.

Operational Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Operational Management Report - Essay ExampleIn the look world customers needs have changed and they are looking to get new styles and ways in the market at frequent rates. The supplement chain management in the fast fashion business deals with the movement of goods from the suppliers where the naked material is originated to the end customer who consumes the particular end product.In this fashion world there is a he competition among the companies for coming up with new styles and also in quick time. Thus nimbleness in the whole operation outgrowth is a very important factor which helps the company to do quickly to the changing demand of the customers.In 1975, Inditex a Spanish group which was been owned by Amancio Ortega conventional Zara as a fashion label and value chain store. In the last two decades Zara has vainglorious in huge numbers and its profit has gone up by three times and has reach the third largest fashion retail store in world. The other brands which Indite x has are Uterque, Oysho, Zara Home, Bershka, Pull and Bear, Zara kinds, Stradivarius and Massimo Dutti. Zara has around ccc designers in its headquarters in Spain where approximately 40,000 designs are made from where only 10,000 designs are selected for production.By downslope 2010, Inditex had approximately 5000 stores worldwide becoming the worldwide leader in fast fashion chain network. Zara has a strategy of maintaining a policy of generating a huge variety of products every year.Zara being n the fashion business and being the worldwide leader in 5this business the overall operations process including the supply chain management, design process, production process and procurement is very efficient and also agile. Each of the process included in the overall operations management process is been discussed below one after the other.Zara has a huge number of faculties and a huge infrastructure. The company reaches to its target market and the customers by

Playing Wii Games to Playing Real Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

vie Wii Games to Playing Real Games - Essay ExampleThe paper explains the importance and role of the games in our life. Sports like hockey, soccer, rugby and pugilism require a lot of physical stress and stamina. These sports are considered salutary as well as tough. They help humans in maintaining a healthy body. The efforts required for these activities fulfill the criteria of exercise needed to hold up a healthy body. These exercises increase ones heart rate, glucose breakdown, and stamina. The movements, power and strategy involved in these activities put ones mind and muscles to head for the hills which in turn shapes the body in to an exemplar body.Wii gaming system was released in 2006 by Nintendo. Wii is truly an exergame. That is, its a video game that requires role players to procedure actual physical movements to manipulate the action. Employing a radio handheld controller with acceleration sensors and an infrared tv camera built into the console, the Wii senses playersMotions and translates them into on-screen movement. For instance, in Wii Tennis you swing the controller like a racket for Wii Golf, the controller is your fellowship.... These sports are considered healthy as well as tough. They help humans in maintaining a healthy body. The efforts required for these activities fulfill the criteria of exercise needed to keep a healthy body. These exercises increase ones heart rate, glucose breakdown, and stamina. The movements, power and strategy involved in these activities put ones mind and muscles to work which in turn shapes the body in to an ideal body. Wii gaming system was released in 2006 by Nintendo. Wii is actu onlyy an exergame. That is, its a video game that requires players to use actual physical movements to manipulate the action. Employing a wireless handheld controller (about the size of a TV remote, ironically) with acceleration sensors and an infrared camera built into the console, the Wii senses players Motions and tran slates them into on-screen movement. For instance, in Wii Tennis you swing the controller like a racket for Wii Golf, the controller is your club (Anders). Wii has released almost all the popular palpable world sports games such as boxing, tennis, golf and baseball so its range of games espouse many of the real sports. As mentioned earlier in order to play these games, one needs to imitate the exact movements in front of the screen as used in playing real sports. The players actions in real time resemble very closely to actions performed in playing real sports. Playing Wii games helps burn calories just like in playing real sports. Moreover, players even perspire speckle playing Wii games. In fact, in addition to burning the most calories, boxing was the only Wii game tried and true that would be considered intense enough to maintain or improve cardiorespiratory endurance as delineate by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (Anders). The

Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Forensics - Essay ExampleFrom a humble beginning during the nineteenth Century without much data support to prove its credibility and usefulness, it has now evolved as an empirical and purpose science on its own merits and rights.Over the years, it was discovered, perhaps by accident, way back in 1868, by a Swiss biologist called Friedrich Meischer when he was differentiating nucleus properties in pus cells. Since then, desoxyribonucleic acid profile has deign a long way and has been used to provide due judicial process of justice in many woeful and non criminal cases.Alec Jeffreys and colleagues researching deoxyribonucleic acid reproduce at the University of Leicester arrived at certain startling facts (at that detail of history) regarding the fact that individual differences in based on repeat sequences in DNA. Do occur that could admirer in criminal investigation. (Johnson & Williams, 2006).Further it was also seen that The possibility of deriving DNA from the abandoned pr operty of criminal suspects left at crime scene generated huge interest amongst police investigators. and could even assist outgrowth in cracking major criminal cases, where the perpetrators could remain at large due to lack of incriminate evidence against them. (Johnson & Williams, 2006, para.18).Since then, there have been many improvements in determining the speed, efficacy and conclusiveness of DNA profiling and its impact upon society as a composite and complete science. Over time dedicated DNA Scientific Research Centers have also been operationalised to aid and abet solving of social and criminal issues by means of the deployment of DNA profiling. These efforts have also met with a reasonable degree of success such that DNA fingerprinting has now come to represent a major scientific and anti-criminal breakthrough in recent times. DNA tests have also proved conclusive evidence in absolving innocent suspects who were languishing in jail impeach on

To what extent do you believe that the RIPA 2000 balances Respect for Essay

To what extent do you believe that the RIPA 2000 balances Respect for Private Life with a Need to Protect the Public - Essay ExampleIt is argued that the balance is in favour of protection of the public. The justifiedly wing to Privacy In order to determine the extent to which the tensions between protection of the public and protection of the right to privacy are balanced in the context of online communications via RIPA, it is first necessary to analyse the wakeless framework sex act to the right to privacy. ... However, where those exceptions exist such as the protection of the public or the streak of crime, interference in the individuals right to privacy must be according to law. In this regard, the European Court of gentle Rights (EHR) ruled that any such laws or regulatory regime must be clear enough so that average citizens is aware that he or she does not squander a intelligent expectation of privacy in the circumstances allowing state interference in one-on-one life .6 Obviously where an individual engages in certain activities in public, there plenty be no reasonable expectation of privacy.7 Obviously online communications are activities conducted in public and thus there should be no reasonable expectation of privacy, thus no breach of Article 8(1).8 Even so, the European Court of Human Rights has held that the mere fact that activities are conducted in public does not automatically mean that there can be no reasonable expectation of privacy.9 It therefore follows that if an activity is conducted in public and there is a reasonable expectation of privacy, the protection of privacy as provided for under Article 8 of the ECHR will arise. Online communications can be regarded as public activities but can raise complex questions as to whether or not there is a reasonable expectation of privacy. For example, posting in a public meeting place online or blogging are probably as public as an individual carrying a banner in public can reasonably exp ect for it to be read by almost anyone.10 Complicating matters for online communications relative to a reasonable expectation of privacy, online users often have several tools available to them for restricting access.11 On the other hands, there are instances in online communications where the user obviously has a

Do Ethical Theories Help Journalists do Their Job Essay

Do Ethical Theories Help Journalists do Their Job - Essay font101). In the conduct of their profession, journalists are practically confronted with various estimable dilemmas that it would be better for them to be fortify with ethical theories than not. Furthermore, ethical theory becomes more important to journalists given up the impact they can create to their readership (public opinion) and the alliance (public values) as a whole which according to Iggers (1998, p. 15) makes journalism ethics unique especially in this term of corporate journalism wherein the interest of capital often clashes with that of the public, putting in jeopardy journalisms long-held principles as defined by the Society of Professional Journalists (1973) Seek law and report it minimize ill-treat act independently and be accountable (Friend & Singer 2007, p. xix Boeyink & Sandra 2010, p. 17 Black & Roberts 2011, p. 51). Hanlin (1992, p. 28) is perfectly comprehendible to say that many critics migh t agree with the suggestion that any man rich enough to buy a newspaper should not be allowed to own one. This statement simply illustrates how the situation and the organisation in which journalists perform their profession today make journalism ethically challenging. It is easy to criticise journalists in fulfilling their profession. that the very condition in which journalists perform their profession oftentimes puts them in situations that test their ethical principles. For example, period journalists are committed to reporting the truth which is believed to be the core of journalism dumbfounding the truth, especially the formidable ones, is actually something not easy to achieve in legal and even ethical ways. So, what course of put through should journalists take if the only way to find the truth is either by stealing the information or by using deceptive strategies? (Jackson 1992, p. 69) Would it be unethical to go into stealing, lying and deceiving in the name of tru th? But what would happen with journalism if it defaults in finding out and reporting the truth? The answer to this skepticism will surely vary depending on the ethical theory that journalists hold onto. For example, one may find the task to bring out the truth by any means more important than observant the law. Anyway, it is often argued that not all that is legal is ethical and not all that is ethical may be legal. It may also be argued that the end justify the means. Added to this ethical dilemma is the issue of confidentiality in journalism. The password Manual defines the centrality of confidentiality of sources in the ethics of journalism on the basis of trust. Meaning, journalists may divulge information given in confidence, but must protect the identity of their sources not unless the sources permit journalists to name them. Any sin on this agreement might jeopardize the whole profession, because in the future sources may no interminable give sensitive information in conf idence. (Ingram & Henshall, 2008) In relation to acquiring information through illicit means, journalists can deny it by opting to invoke this confidentiality clause. But to resort to such trick only worsens the ethical dilemma because aside from lying, this clause that is meant to protect sources is maliciously used. Though the confidentiality clause can be utilize by journalists to get away with the law, this same clause can also put journalists into an extremely catchy situation. In

Selling Executives on Project Management Assignment - 2

Selling Executives on Project Management - Assignment ExampleHeerkens (2002)Often times in a offer, expectations atomic number 18 not met that are gear upd in scope and the WBS. Thus, creating contingency strategies is pivotal towards executing a successful project. adept of the near pivotal contingency strategies is to have a high incremental cost of resources that continue to plague organizations.One of the strategies I would suggest is financial segmentation. The revenue stream is the focal point that one should examine at Levan. Budget discrepancies are one of the most difficult challenges to deal with when closing down a project because PMs must ensure that they close their projects without any discrepancies. Understanding the segmentation of financials is hectic because it requires signatures, higher way decisions and collaboration. In midst of the project, most managers forget that budget discrepancies in the beginning can accumulate to be problematic at the prohibit. This not only creates chaos in the project, but diminishes quality, resources and time.The second element I would suggest is that to run more of an Agile environment rather than a waterfall. Agile methodology is one of the best methodologies that have been implemented in the realm of e-commerce. Agile methodology allows organizations to harness growth, breed innovation, and define products that can be tangible and intuitive. One of the best elements of Agile is the fact that one can prototype. The commencement of Agile methodology is likely to be more effective because it is very rapid and at the end of each sprint you have something testable and can be given to the client much quicker than waterfall. Heerkens (2002)The techniques that the assort found effective were using wireframes and workflows because it is easier to visually understand information than to read 300 page documentation.The deuce-ace strategy I would suggest is managing change request. It is evident that managin g change request is

Leadership Issues - Managing Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Leadership Issues - Managing Diversity - Essay ExampleHence, multinational companies corroborate increased their presence in most Asian economies such as China. These multinational companies have seen the growing potential because of the massive improvement in this country that has greatly benefitted from almost three decades of reforms (Warner 2008). Managing in the Chinese Empire The entry of these multinational companies has likewise necessitated the presence of foreign managers to help in the concern as well as operations of these multinationals in the Chinese soil. Hence, it was the expatriates that have been tapped for this role. It is their job to supply the necessary skills, both managerial and technical, so that the local counterpart basis cope up with the operations of the kick upstairs confederacy. Likewise, it is hoped that the presence of the expatriate leave greatly enhance the relationship between the foreign and domestic managers of the company. However, be it China or other country, it is consequential for the foreign counterparts assigned to these areas to be able to recognize the requirements of the diametric cultures that they are being immersed into. Globalization has brought forth the need for different multinational companies to maintain a world(prenominal) workforce which requires the foreign nationals that are assigned into these countries to be aware of the cultural differences that is a very outstanding requirement for these foreign managers to be able to work with teams that comprise different cultures (Ibrahim 2010). Key leadership Issues in China A Mass of Followers, A Lack of Leaders In China, the different culture can be really challenging to the expatriate that will be assigned to the area. Chow & Liu (2008) states that most Chinese employees are not that keen on having additional duties or being involved with different or increasing responsibilities. Most of them are just too convenient in the boss-subordinate agre ement. It is therefore important for the expatriates to view and be able to work around such unvoiced cultural make up. This presents a strong challenge since it is important for the multinational companies to be able to develop their employees and have a fully serviceable global workforce that will jive with the way the parent company does its business. Employees are very important for a companys success thus it is very important for the expatriates to be able to vex them behind the corporate strategies necessary for the success of their venture. True, this trait enables the local unit of a multinational company to have sufficient workers that are following the companys policies and regulations. This trait somehow ensures them there will be followers whenever they lead. However, this relative aloofness as stated by Chow and Liu (2008) can in any case rob them of possible potential managers that may be tapped to lead the locals. Political Forces Warner (2008) has highlighted th e importance the changes have had in China for propelling them into the current stature that they are in right now in the global economy. China has indeed benefitted much from opening their doors to the benefits and opportunities of global commerce. This has been instrumental in providing the necessary boost that is inaccessible in a strictly closed economy that has been characteristic of a communist country. However, it is important to regain that the Chinese economy is not yet a full free market economy. Despite having been unresolved to businesses, the government retains substantial

Child Care - Care For Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child C ar - Care For Children - Essay ExampleI would choose large attractive and age-appropriate toys, books and other culture materials that would be available for the children. I would set up the room in such(prenominal) a way that children drive out move freely from one learning area to another, retention in mind the activities that I expect would go on in a particular learning area. For instance, I would economize quiet areas such as the mini Reading nook away from buzzing areas such as the baffles or manipulative area which I expect would be a-buzz with childrens robust noise.I will also prepare interesting but not overwhelming activities for the children that would follow a schedule, with the goal of eventually establishing routines. Examples would be using puppets to introduce each child, a simple story somewhat starting school or day care, and a variety of hands-on activities such as playdough, macaroni-stringing, block play and the like.Children would feel more wel come if they see that some parts of the room have been customized for them. They are assigned cubbyholes to place their things while in school, and these are especially labeled with their own names or pictures.A memorable beginning(a) day deserves a remembrance to take home such as a personally made hat from newspapers and collage materials. This is something muck can show his parents and grandparents and be rarefied of because he himself made it in school.Personally, I prepare myself physically and psychologically for a challenging first day. I will make sure I am well-rested and well-fed with nutritious food that would keep me energetic enough to keep up with very young children or to deal with trying moments such as tantrums and separation anxiety.This big change in the familys schedule and lifestyle deserves an orientation. Beforehand, I can arrange for a conference with the parents (if the school does not hold its own parent orientation meeting) and Max and show

New Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New - Article ExampleThe main objective of this paper is to leave vivid explanations about the reason behind leaking pentagonal papers by Snowden.With the increasing advent of applied science in an individual(a)s life, it is considered that crime rate is also increasing at a owing(p) extent. Additionally, it has also been viewed that the governance of different countries are adapting new policies and implementing new policies to safeguard the civilians from the increasing crime well-nigh the globe. However, it has been ascertained that though the federal body are implementing new policies to safe guards the people from foreign enemies plainly the new polices are violating the basic freedom of the people. For instance recently it has been witnessed that Snowden a former employee of Central cognizance Agency (CIA) and an technical contractor for the National Security Agency (NSA) has leaked pentagonal papers that helped the United nations (U.S) intelligence activity organizatio ns to track the outgoing calls, monitors e-mail and usage of internet of almost all Americans directly violating the freedom of an individual to provide bail. Furthermore, it has been revealed that Snowden also leaked the pentagonal papers relating the Vietnam War (Starr and Yan, Man behind NSA leaks says he did it to safeguard privacy, autonomy).The major player that can be witnessed in the case is Edward Snowden and the United Nations government that developed programme that tracked phone calls, and monitors e-mail of the civilians violating the freedom of the civilians with the prime motive of providing them security.Freedom and security are considered to be two vital aspects in every individuals life. It is also the obligation of the government to safe guard its people by implementing police and laws that would not result in winning away the freedom and would also provide security to the civilians. However, in this case it has been observed that the U.S government was assem bling and tracing phone calls

RNA silencing for the prevention of Phytophthora root rot in avocado Literature review

ribonucleic acid silencing for the prevention of genus genus Phytophthora root rot in avocado pear - Literature review ExampleSo, the scientists and the concerned people exact found out a way to tackle this menace 2. It is the use of RNA. The RNA is used to chasten specific gene expression of the plants to prevent Phytophthora root rot in avocado plants. It was get ahead found that the growing population is causing a sharp increase in the demand of the avocado across all over the human race 3. In order meet the rise in the demand, the farmers or the cultivators be using a number of elements to increase the production of the avocados. Overuse of the elements is further affecting the plants. The plants are getting affected by pests. Among them the rot root fungi is the most common form of the pests. spendthrift spread of the fungi would destroy the crop and highly affect the cultivation of the crops so the scientists have discovered a number of methods which would prevent this. Among them RNA slicing is one of the most common methods for the prevention of Phytophthora root rot in avocado. According to a study, it was found that the Phytophthora root rot in avocado is primarily caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, which is an economically important disease in the avocados around the world 1. The crops when affected with fungi and gets harmed with Phytophthora root rot, it completely destroys the crops and leaving co crop for sell and project money out of it. In Australian agriculture, economic cost of losing were estimated in previous 20 historic period to be more than AUS$200 million per year and around US$44million in California each year . The RNA silencing is used to increase the resistance of the avocado trees with the help of transgenic rootstocks. It is expected to reduce the incidences of fungi aggress on the avocado plants.It was found that the fungi attack on the avocado trees could be prevented with the help of RNA interference mathematical pr ocess 4. The authors further explain RNA interference as a cellular process where the RNA molecules

Acute Pain in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Acute Pain in Children - analyse ExampleThe intervention made to health institution through the initiative international health bodies has direct to the creation of the pediatric analgesic trails, which aim at providing evidence disturb management in child across the ages. In practice, assessments methods for aggravator intensity are exact in treating children of different ages. Acute twinge is one of the common ailments in childhood and one that requires emergency resolution. In this paper, we will discuss the RCN guidelines on response given to acute pain in children. Acute Pain Assessment Tools In the dwell decade, a number of assessment tools required for testing the pain for appropriate ages have enabled documentation and vicenary and qualitative assessment of pain. The assessment method for children across the ages have undergone various changes, where issues affecting the new born(p) to those children that are talking can be addressed. Currently, assessment methods include behavioral measures of pain. In this measurement method, the pediatrician would use behavior checklists, which has a list of pain effects that a child would encounter. The list has scores, which the pediatrician would check before assigning a given pain. In the assessment checklist, issues such as time, response to pain among others influence the decision that the pediatrician would make against a given pain. ... The RCN guideline has nine nominate areas that health professionals should observe when assessing acute pain in children. The provision in the guideline indicates when pain should be accessed, indictors, what the health professionals should do, as well as the rise ups of the child. The RCN guideline sought to achieve three objectives first, create awareness about symptoms, which helps in recognition of pain, second, recommend methods for pain assessment, lastly, promote use of method in pain assessment. While many nurses claim they know when children are in pa in, the guideline for pain assessment mean to clarify how best the nurses should respond to children pain. In addition, it sets standards, which nurses should uphold while assessing pain. Since nurses did not have standards of assessment, it is arguable that cases of mistake of pain existed. Prior to the creation of the RCN guideline on pain assessment, critics observe that nurses interpreted pain differently. It was argued that parent and nurse observation and interpretation of pain is different. Most of the available research on pain assessment indicates that observation was the most common method used in the assessment. Although the method proves to be worthy, the behavior observed might not be the degree of pain. Other consideration included emotional response to pain as observed by their parents. Thus, settling on an inclusive procedure acceptable by parents and nurses was critical at this stage. It is also notable that consideration of the preexisting literature and researc h on pain were adequately done before the recommendation of the guideline. Since the introduction of pain assessment scale, observation made on its applications programme has

The Impact of Social Media on Society Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media on Society - look Paper ExampleSocial media is highly trendy among college students. According to 2010 research, almost a quarter of students quantify on the web is spent in the fond media (Wang, subgenus Chen & Liang). Facebook dominates the popularity list of the most widespread social networks, followed by Twitter and YouTube. Globally, Facebook has over 1.55 billion active users, half of whom log in on a daily basis. On average, students spend nearly two hours a day on the social networks. In 2007, a portion of American students who had a Facebook account was already impressive 92%. By 2008, the amount of users reached 99%. Keeping in mind that the service became available only in 2006, this is an amazing statistics. superstar of the positive sides of social media is that it can be utilized for academic purposes. Being easily accessible, online communities can cleft numerous benefits for young individuals, such as providing a virtual platform for sharing thoughts and ideas with colleagues, enabling at large(p) and fast access to academic support, and enhancing computer knowledge and online communication skills. Moreover, students who are shy to present their thoughts in the class receive an opportunity to participate in discussions via blogs and virtual societies. On the contrary, findings in a subject of studies suggest that the time spent in social networks is in inverse relation with academic grades (Wang, Chen & Liang). Jacobsen and Forste revealed that over 60% of the students use electronic media while in college, when studying, or while preparing for the class

Critical analysis of teaching materials for Academic Purpose Research Paper

slender analysis of teaching materials for Academic Purpose - Research Paper ExampleAdequate academic skills alter the undergraduate natural science students to write proper science reports on their experiments, and research for example, when writing a research report on the negative impacts of deforestation on the economy of the USA (Jordan,2009). This chapter also enables the undergraduate science students to develop critical thinking skills (Kathy & David, 2004). This is because it gives insights on current environsal challenges worldwide. Students are supposed to reckon the environmental challenges, and thereafter discuss the most appropriate possible solutions in their discussion groups.The language train used in this book is elementary. This enables the undergraduate students to effectively understand the academic writing judgments that are illustrated. The simple language is represented through the simple sentences which are clearly and logically arranged in apprehensi ble chapters. The simple language has been achieved through using minimal scientific terminologies and jargons (Jordan,2009). This ensures that all students understand the contents careless(predicate) of the undergraduate level or academic intelligence. Visual presentations are also used in enunciate tyro simplify points of discussions and paragraphs. The presentations also summarize the main ideas discussed through highlighting the main message in simple, short and clear statements (Jordan,2009).The most appropriate level of study for this chapter is the undergraduate academic level. This is because the environment concept at the global level are studied in most science courses studied at undergraduate level (Kathy & David, 2004). The science undergraduate students are required to write research proposals in the environment field of study. For the research proposal to be approved by the university professors, it must be presented in a clear, logical and scientific manner. An exam ple of a research proposal is A research proposal on

Adolph Hitler’s Leadership Ethics Essay Example for Free

Adolph Hitlers Leadership Ethics EssayAbout 18 months ago, the Council of the Academy of Sciences of mho Africa (ASSAf) appointed a Study Panel of eminent scientists to examine and collate the most relevant and tried assure on the influences of nutrition on human immunity, wear outicularly in respect of HIV transmittal and active tuberculosis in South Africa. The decision to focus on this topic was sparked by the overriding debates and public uncertainty in South Africa regarding the role of nutrition and nutritional supplements such as vitamins and minerals in the management of HIV infection. The Study Panel incubate released a a couple of(prenominal) weeks ago underthe form of address HIV/AIDS, TB and eatable observes that South Africa is currently in the throes of three distinct epidemics malnutrition, HIV infection and TB. The prevalence of each is sufficiently high that the same communities may be affected by all told three epidemics in a purely mathematical ove rlap, but there is also prima facie evidence from observational studies that the three epidemics argon in fact often linked in a synergetic relationship in which they mutually reinforce and facilitate one another. The communicate provides up-to-date and in-depth epidemiological summaries of each. This newspaper column will howeverlargely concern itself with nutrition and HIV infection. Why nutrition is important for the resistive system The body defends itself against microbial invasion by activating its quite complex immune system, and mobilising what the report dubs the flamethrowers or respiratory burst whose central role is the intracellular killing of pathogenic organisms by oxidization or burning. This in turn relies on the availability of sinew stored in energy-yielding fuels such as carbohydrates and fattens to fuel the respiratory burst. Largely for this reason, the resting energy expenditure in HIV-infectedindividuals is increased by at least 10% compared with noni nfected soulfulnesss. This critical chain of complex defensive mechanisms (involving regulatory hormones, neuropeptides, cytokines and neurotransmitters) is obviously undermined if the infected person is not kept supplied with adequate energyladen macronutrients such as carbohydrates and fats. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are equally important as part of the nutritional landscape for the optimal functioning of the immune system. For example, the vitamin B complex thiamine, riboflavin and niacin has a critical rolein the Krebs cycle via which the required energy is generated. However, oxidants are indiscriminate warriors that will snipe and destroy both invader and host cells alike. For this reason, there is a need for fire extinguishers, and micronutrients fulfil the fit and important role of serving as antioxidants whose function is to limit and contain the destructive effects of oxidants on the host cells. HIV infection and nutrition HIV infection is associated with weight loss and wasting, both of which are independent contributors to poor clinical outcome. The reasons for the weight loss and wasting aremultifactorial, and include the increased resting energy expenditure, food scarcity, and decreased absorption of ingested food due to gastrointestinal disease or viral spread of the intestinal mucosa. Although a 10% or greater loss of body weight over a year is not uncommon in HIV, there is in fact a high tier of variability in the extent of weight loss and wasting which, not infrequently, is causally associated with secondary infection. Whole-body protein upset may be as high as 25% in untreated HIV sufferers, guide to cachexia. Also, as already mentioned, resting energy expenditure isincreased by 10% in HIV-infected people. It would therefore show up to stand to reason that nutritional intervention in people with HIV infection will meliorate survival and/or quality of life, but hard evidence to this effect is woefully lacking. Very few randomize, placebo-controlled trials fix been conducted in this regard. There is preliminary evidence, however, that specific dietary supplements such as amino demigod mixtures increase body weight and reduce HIV viral load. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides reduces HIV-associated intestinal dysfunction and fatmalabsorption. And ready-to-use therapeutic food improves nutritional status in severely malnourished children. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are essential to immune function, and deficiencies may therefore act as cofactors in HIV transmission and progression. Micronutrient deficiencies are common in HIV-infected people. Multivitamin supplementation has been shown in observational studies to result in a 40 48% unhurried progression to AIDS and a 40 60% reduction in the risk of death subsequently 8 years of follow-up. But here again, there is an unhappy lack of sufficiently poweredrandomised controlled trials to confirm these benefits. The World H ealth Organization, the Southern African HIV Clinicians Society and the Department of Health have all published guidelines for nutrition in HIV/AIDS that have been collated in the ASSAf report. But the report also identifies gaps in our knowledge regarding HIV and nutrition, and recommends areas and topics that ought to be prioritised for research. Daniel J Ncayiyana Editor HIV/AIDS, TB and Nutrition ASSAf Report SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL FIRST PUBLISHED JANUARY 1884 October 2007, Vol. 97, No. 10 SAMJ 893

Healthcare Finance Essay Example for Free

Health economic aid Finance EssayHouston Dialysis Center is a department of Houston General Hospital, a full-service, non-for-profit acute care infirmary with 325 beds. The bulk of the hospitals facilities are devoted to inpatient care and emergency services. However, a 100,000 significant-foot section of the hospital complex is devoted to outpatient services. Currently, this space has two primary uses. closely 80 percent of the space is apply by the Outpatient Clinic, which handles all routine outpatient services offered by the hospital. The stay 20 percent is used by the Dialysis Center. The Dialysis Center performs hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, which are alternative processes for removing wastes and surfeit water from the squanderer for patients with end-stage renal (kidney) disease. In hemodialysis, blood is pumped from the patients arm by a shunt into a dialysis machine, which uses a purging solution and an artificial membrane to perform the functions of a h ealthy kidney. Then, the cleansed blood is pumped back into the patient through a second shunt.In peritoneal dialysis, the cleansing solution is inserted directly into the abdominal cavity through a catheter. The body naturally cleanses the blood through the peritoneuma thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. In general, hemodialysis patients require three dialyses a week, with each treatment lasting about four hours. Patients who use peritoneal dialysis change their own cleansing solutions at home, typically about six times per day. This procedure can be done manually when active or automatically by machine when sleeping. However, the patients overall condition, as advantageously as the positioning of the catheter, must be monitored regularly at the Dialysis Center.The hospital allocates facilities make up (which primarily exist of create depreciation and interest on long-term debt) on the solid ground of square footage. Currently, the facilities appeal parceling rate is $15 per square foot, so the facilities monetary value assignation is 20,000 $15 = $300,000 for the Dialysis Center and 80,000 $15 = $1,200,000 for the Outpatient Clinic. alone new(prenominal) crash be, such as administration, finance, maintenance, andhousekeeping, are lumped together and called general smasher. These cost are allocated on the basis of 10 percent of the revenues of each patient service department. The current tryst of general overhead is $270,000 for the Dialysis Center and $1,600,000 for the Outpatient Clinic, which solutions in total overhead allocations of $570,000 for the Dialysis Center and $2,800,000 for the Outpatient Clinic.Recent growth in volume of the Outpatient Clinic has created a need for 25 percent more space than currently assigned. Because the Outpatient Clinic is a lot larger than the Dialysis Center, and because its patients need condescend access to other departments within the hospital, the decision was made to keep the Outpatient Clinic in its current location and to cause the Dialysis Center to another location to free up space. Such a move would give the Outpatient Clinic 100,000 square feet, a 25 percent subjoin.After attempting to find new space for the Dialysis Center within the hospital complex, it was soon determined that a new 20,000 square foot building must be built. This building go away be situated two blocks away from the hospital complex, in a location that is much more convenient for dialysis patients (and Center employees) because of ease of parking. The new space, which can be more efficiently utilized than the old space, allows for a substantial increase in patient volume, although it is unclear whether the move will result in additional dialysis patients.The new dialysis facility is expected to cost $3 million. Additionally, furniture and other fixtures, on with relocation expenses of current equipment, would cost $1 million, for a total cost of $4 million. The funds needful for the new facility will be obtained from a 20-year loan at local bank. The loan (including interest) will be paid off over 20 years at a rate of $400,000 per year. Because the particular(prenominal) financing details are known, it is possible to estimate the actual annual facilities costs for the new Dialysis Center, something that is not possible for units located within the hospital complex.Table 1 (see Excel spreadsheet) contains the projected profit and handout (PL)statement for the Dialysis Center before adjusting for the move. The hospitals department heads receive annual bonuses on the basis of each departments contribution to the bottom line (profit). In the past, only direct costs were considered, but the hospitals chief executive officer (CEO) has decided that bonuses would now be base on full (total) costs. Obviously, the new approach to awarding bonuses, coupled with the potential for increases in confirming cost allocation, is of great irritation to Linda Rider, the dire ctor of the Dialysis Center. Under the current allocation of indirect costs, Linda would have a healthy chance at an end-of-year bonus, as the forecast puts the Dialysis Center in the black. However, any increase in the indirect cost allocation would likely put her out of the money.At the next department heads meeting, Linda expressed her concern about the impact of any allocation changes on the Dialysis Centers profitability, so the hospitals CEO asked the chief financial officer (CFO), Roger Hedgecock, to look into the matter. In essence, the CEO said that the final allocation is up to Roger but that any allocation changes must be made within outpatient services. In other words, any change in cost allocation to the Dialysis Center must be offset by an equal, but opposite, change in the allocation to the Outpatient Clinic.To get started, Roger created Table 2 (see Excel spreadsheet). In creating the table, Roger untrue that the new Dialysis Center would have the equal number of stations as the old one, would serve the homogeneous number of patients, and would have the same reimbursement rates. Also, operating expenses would differ only slightly from the current situation because the same personnel and equipment would be used. Thus, for all practical purposes, the revenues and direct costs of the Dialysis Center would be unaffected by the move.The data in Table 2 for the expanded Outpatient Clinic are based on the assumption that the expanding upon would allow volume to increase by 25 percent and that both revenues and direct costs would increase by a like amount. Furthermore, to keep the analysis manageable, the assumption was made that the overall hospital allocation rates for both facilities costs and general overhead would not materially change because of the expansion.Roger knew that his trial inflate allocation, which is shown in Table 2 in the columns labeled Initial Allocation, would create some controversy. In the past, facilities costs were agg regated, so all departments were charged a cost based on the average embedded (historical) cost regardless of the actual age (or value) of the space occupied. Thus, a basement room with no windows was allocated the same facilities costs (per square foot) as was the fifth floor executive suite. Because many department heads thought this approach to be unfair, Roger wanted to begin allocating facilities overhead on a true cost basis. Thus, in his initial allocation, Roger used actual facilities costs ($400,000 per year) as the basis for the allocation to the Dialysis Center.Needless to say, Lindas response to the initial allocation was less than enthusiastic, but before Roger was able to address Lindas concerns, he suddenly left the hospital to take a new position in another city. The task of completing the allocation battleground was given to you, Houston Generals current administrative resident. You believe that any cost allocation carcass should be perceived as being fair, but yo u also realize that in practice cost allocation is very complex and somewhat arbitrary. Some department heads argue that the best approach to overhead allocations is the Marxist approach, by which allocations are based on each patient service departments ability to cover overhead costs, but this approach has its own disadvantages.Considering all the relevant issues, you must take and justify a new facilities cost allocation scheme for outpatient services. Be prepared to justify your recommendations at the next department heads meeting.

Subsidies are also one form of social services as the Government Essay Example for Free

Subsidies are in like manner one form of social operate as the Government EssayWith the increasing diversity and complexity in which services are facilitated by the fall in States Social Welfare system, it use ups to be elaborated and reviewed accordingly so as to help benefactors furbish up the best of what they have and necessitate the optimum available alternatives on their part. One important example stipulation in the text is the power over conclusions. This initiative enables and evokes the right to make decisions that serve self-interests of a exceptional group with which decision maker is affiliated (Chambers and Wedel, 2005, p. 94).This example can best serve if for example the health care department of one state agrees to place a qualified professional to make decisions on what programs need to be tackled for a particular period. On the other hand, this initiative can be costly to individuals and groups if the decision making outgrowth is tainted with a subject ive purpose. For instance, a designated man may advocate a particular scheme because his company or service can benefit more in the process while disregarding the needs of other groups.Subsidies are also one form of social services as the Government tries to shoulder various expenses incurred in some aspects mandated by law (Chambers and Wedel, 2005). In here, the demonstrable aspect of such facet can be the government reaching out to starting sectors in the economy and giving them the needed boost to succeed. On the other hand, one negative aspect of this is that non all sectors are given subsidies. Due to this, only selected and limited parties benefit from the process.Lastly, arrogant discrimination is a form of social service that tries to provide individuals and groups who have been treated harshly or unequally by the government (Chambers and Wedel, 2005). It is a form of setting restorative justice for those individuals discriminated by the old system. This connotes a posit ive attitude because it the Government tries to reach out and provide the necessary changes in their lives. For example, an African American was not given a good job despite his credentials has the option to apply for this.Contrary to these, it also brings about the question of its legality and notion of the action to create restorative justice. Due to this, limited pack receive this kind of service and are primarily determined by court. Reference Chambers, D. E. and Wedel, K. R. (2005) Chapter 5 Who Gets What compend of Types of Benefits and Services in Social insurance policy and Social Programs A Method for the Practical Public Policy Analyst. 4th ed. Allyn and Bacon Pearson Education 90-108.

The Art of Japanese Management Essay Example for Free

The Art of Japanese Management establishThe art of Japanese focusing talks about the differences of the Eastern and Western management, and clarifies this differences by citing transnational companies and the shipway they did or do solve social and cultural bothers that the main management has nowa daylights. The book starts by sit down on the history of great western organizations standardized regime, military and the church. Its divided in 8 chapters, that its mainly divided in 3 subjects The 7 S framework, the japanese reflection and The Ameri drive out way. The offset loss leadership concept that shows is the line of command. Contrasting with China and Japan, the occidental society evolves separately with separate exercise spheres The church was always taking c ar of the faith and the spiritual life of the men meanwhile the government and the commercial institutions had the role of providing the to the human beings to take c ar of the existence. The corporation sta rted to growth acting as a dominant organization inside a society in this century. The western world was starting to leader the rest of the world, there was no surprise that we all know as modern management was a western invention.The new professionals have the identical challenges as before in time How to efficiently dish out the organization, how to delegate responsibilities, and how to gratify and motivate the employees. The main difference between Western and Eastern organizations is that the last ones practise the organizational structure and formal systems to attack these issues. In general, comparing with Western organizations, Eastern organization pays more attention on social and spiritual subjects. The ideology takes persons to achieve organizational goals, but mainly and invariably, these are based on sanctions.Today, the most important tasks like the signifi open firece of punctuality, sense of belonging, sanctions against thievery, the importance of performance at work, and the ways to solve conflicts and issues are taking by society before their members take part of a partnerships task force. Most of the times eastern societies are representatively big, and most of the time matters like public, private and spiritual are so integrated that the companies take control of these type of tasks as a whole in human being. Company takes another role rater to just being transactions between work and capital.The book gives us the advice to take the best practices of the Japanese administration and to adopt it to our environment, questioning well-nigh western truths and some management abilities. To explain the 7 S Framework, the book describes the actions of Konosuke Matsushita, go of Panasonic, over the management of National and other companies. To start describing the Strategy, Matsushita broke all the existing rules about convention of company names, by naming his company National instead of Matsushita. He changed the way of product commerciali zation by change it directly to the stores, without intermediaries, lowering represents.Matsushita gave importance to market shares, high volumes of production generates saving on production cost allowing the company to transmit this reduced prices to their customers. The tierce element of the dodging was the followership, in which Matsushita didnt create or invent products, instead, the companys research and development imitates it but the big difference was that the company offered the kindred product with an attractive im bement. His best concept of research and development was to take the product, imitate it to the maximum head and to find a better and more attractive way to offer it to the competitor.Describing organizational structure, he rooted(p) the goal of maintain the thing small and entrepreneurial. To start development, he organized the company into divisions. When he byword that the managers skill were improving, he figured out that they were preparing to be ge neral administrators of a growing company, but the issue were that all the managers were making this progress in their abilities independent and separately. For this, he centralizes the controllerships functions, the military unit functions, he institutionalize a central bank and the centralized all the training.Regarding Systems, Matsushita was the pioneer of the effective financial systems, and he copied the innovationning system from Phillips, the Dutch electronics manufacturer. The planning system consisted on that every 6 months, the managers of to each one division had to de exitr 3 plans The first one was a plan to 5 years, in which he stipulates all the changes that the organization or division will suffer regarding on alterations of new technologies and the environment. The second plan was a plan of to 2 years, in which stipulates how the division will translate the long term strategy in the new plants capacity and the new products.The third plan was the Program for the succeeding(a) Sixth Months operation period. In this plan, the division explained month to month the sales projections, productions, incomes, inventories, accounts receivable, personnel requirements, superior control targets and capital investments. In questions of style, Matsushita was distinguee for his hands on approach. Matsushita empathizes that a manager has to effectively communicate to raft down the line, telling them what he cares about. His key success has been the ability to get to the employees seven levels down and motivate him to energically pursue the organizations objective.Another future of Matsushitas style was the pragmatic approach to a conflict. As in real life, there will be adjustments and its means to pull together kind of to push apart. well-nigh spiritual determine, Matsushita philosophy provided a basis of meaning beyond production. Matsushita was the first company in Japan to have a song and a code of value. This song was singed every day at 800 am al across Japan. For Matsushita, It was unthinkable that work, which occupies at least half of the day, should deny its powerful role. The smashed has a inescapable responsibilities to help their employees themselves.The basic business principles were To recognize our responsibilities as industrialists, to foster progress, to promote general welfare of society, and to pass ourselves to the further development of world culture The employees creed was Progress and development can be realized only through and through the combined driveway and cooperation of each member of Our Company. Each of us, therefore, shall keep this idea constantly in mind as we devote ourselves to the c continuous improvement of our company. The seven spiritual values were 1. National Service by means of Industry 2. Fairness 3. Harmony and Cooperation 4. Struggle for Betterment 5.Courtesy and Humility 6. Adjustment and assimilation 7. Gratitude. This values foster consistent expectations among employees i n a work force continent to continent spread. Regarding Staff, Matsushita experience started with the bedrock of business. Every employee, whether they were engineers, accountants, or salesman, began with spending 6 months selling or working directly in a retail outlet. Also, each spends time performing routine tasks on a assembly line. The distinctiveness of the firm is that everyone that stays come to be a part of a culture with common understandings and shared values that helped to facilitate the business needs.Employees werent view as participating in management, but their opinions are sought. About skills, it is difficult in a Japanese organization to separate the people from the company. The most salient skills of the founder were the versatility sometimes he was intensely hands on and sometimes distant. Matsushita seems to combine the gifts of many men. The firms skills emerged from the consistent ways in which the parts of the organization all join together. Its organizatio nal structure is reenforce by its system these gain significant support from the Matsushita style, spiritual values, and staffing policies.Human values were promoted with efficiency. Following this and through extraordinary inter consistency between strategy and skills, it is able to replicate the Matsushita model. The American way is reflected in a chapter that resembles all the managerial methods of Harold S. Geneen, which was president of International Telephone and Telegraph for over two decades. At first sight, the managerial methods implemented are good, but they were created to work only in an environment with the same variables.The comparison between Matsushita and ITT wasnt perfect but gives us a clear perspective of how things can be done perfectly as Japans in our cultural way. Geneens behavior and tension he created produced and intense competitive pressures which drove the executives persistently. His method of management was traditional. There were important and inter related elements in Geneens management approach where he played a central role in his management design. The unshakeable facts, which are something hard and indisputable at minimum it is the firsthand opinion of an expert, based on the most ongoing information.The second part revolved around a design of checks and balances using staff as duplicate and independent kickoff of information from the line and permitting overlapping delegations of authority among and between line and staff functions. The third part of Geneens approach was the use of large structured meetings as the focal point of his decision-making process. The after part part was to impose of a variety of rewards and pressures to ensure his total command. Geneen created tensions between line and staff.In origin with Matsushita, division managers were seen to lead a challenging and precarious existence, while line staff half of the time exaggerated problems to make they look good under the boss eyes. One product mana ger traced the source of the problem between line and staff to the bonus system, because it represented 30% or more of the salary. The problem was that putting staff on individual performance bonuses resulted in the justification of their existence. They were always trying to prove what they had done in order to look good in the reports. This created an adversary relationship with people on the line.The reward system drove that kind of behavior. Geneen meetings were interrogatory, even adversarial,. The general managers report had already been written and everyone assumed to have studied it, but the meetings were held to identify new problems. Part of what made Geneens system to work was the fear. Fear of being caught uninformed and being humiliated in meetings and of being punished. It its often said that positive motivations are more powerful than negative ones. Geneens personal style can also be described as attentive, committed, determined, pragmatic, and forceful and discipline d.His managerial approach had powerful effects on others, and the labels they used to characterize these patterns in his behaviors, and thus his values and beliefs, were often charged with emotion. Seven elements were used to understand better both Matsushita and ITT. Strategy belongs to a firms plan of action that causes it to allocate it infrequent resources over time to get from where it its to where it wants to go. Structure refers to the way a firm is organized, whether its change or centralized, whether it emphasizes line or staff. Structure refers on how boxes are arranged.System refers to how information moves around inside the organization. Staff belongs not to staff in the line/staff senses, but to demographic characteristics of the people who live in an organization. Skills are those things which the organization and its key personnel do particularly well. Style refers to the patterns of behavior of the expire executive and senior management team. Super ordinate Goals or shared values include spiritual and significant meanings and shared values of the people within an organization and refers to the overarching purposes to which an organization and its members dedicate themselves.

Greek mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek mythology EssayEngels biography is a display of such scientific course. His early life had been the explanation why he came about with his voluminous whole kit and caboodle on history. His works were a summation of the different implications of the facts how he was raised and intended of him to become, his experiences, and his direct contact with the production execute and later in complete absorption to the revolutionary struggle in the industrial West. Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Prussia to a family of bourgeois origins in family 28, 1820. At that moment, Europe was at the height of the development of the industrial era and wars of conquest for the accumulation of market, labour and resources for the bourgeois economy. It was a time of rapid changes ensuing on all borders. Expansion of industrial interests was grappling Europe. Colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were continuously ransacked eyepatch the European continent was in a constant scrabble of migration from different nations in search of industrial work. Indeed an era of accumulation of wealth and technological advances to improve productivity .With these changes in the economic ornament came the winds of liberal thought. New machines that were never seen before were conceived side by side with political ideas never perceive before. Thus the revolutionized industry became a breeding ground for a revolutionary spectre. Friedrich Engels was never detached from these changes. From his childishness until his intellectual career was on its full bloom, the economic transformations in Europe became the solid foundations of Marxist historiography.His nascent old age had been vital for the development of his time to come philosophical pursuit. In his poem To My Grandfather, written celestial latitude 20, 1833, Friedrich had shown his early acquaintances in history through stories in the Greek mythology which he described as umpteen a beautiful story that his grandfather had told him . Another untitled poem written 3 years after described characters in stories from all over Europe seen by young Friedrich as pictures to savour . He was an observer and the environment drew much attention from him.Once he wrote about the conditions in Wuppertal, one of his first attempts to explain the seemingly complicated miseries of the working class , even the columns of a make and the style of architecture did not escape his watch. It was the beginning of his acquisition of his most powerful weapon in his revolutionary battle excellence in textual conveyance. Not only was it a peek to his future history inclinations but also his superb literary talent that has greatly manifested in his works. In such a young age, Engels had learned that his wealth was a curse.The environment in which Friedrich Engels lived was full of stark contradictions. extraneous factors greatly affected his inner resolve. His father, a German textile mill owner, wanted him to become an industr ialist also like himself. Knowing in his self that he was not fit for that kind of life, a tug relationship developed between them. A supporter of the Prussian government, Friedrichs father held conservative views in politics and religion which were attributed to his Protestant Pietist devotion.He enrolled Friedrich in local Pietist schools where he was indoctrinated with narrow fundamentalist views of society. Those were never acceptable to his broad interests. Hoping that the radical youth in Friedrich could still be doused with cold waters of isolation, he was sent to Bremen before he finished his high school studies to work as a clerk. These efforts were vest to waste. There he exhibited despise to autocracy and religion, enjoyed life at its fullest and studied literature, philosophy, theology and history . Engels was pinched to the democratic struggles that were gaining political momentum at that time.Using a pen name of Friedrich Oswald, he participated in the literary mov ement. His first work, a poem titled The Bedouin was published in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. In September 1838 and many other literary works and commentaries proceeded thereafter. As an active radical, Engels wrote articles for the democratic movement while attendance lectures at Berlin University with his military service all at the same time. When he moved to Berlin to join the class Artillery of the Prussian Army, he already had attractions to the Young Hegelians .

As a Head Nurse Essay Example for Free

As a Head Nurse EssayWe both must learn live responsibilities beyond our expectation and limitation as we can improve ourselves each forthwith and then. Responsibilities are just within our shoulders as we go on with our lives we add more on to it due to the things we learn and have it away and simply organism a student nurse responsibility is already on our shoulders as we gained association in every step of the way. As a student nurse, knowledge is easy to get as we experience, learn, read and study. But every knowledge comes with great responsibility, which is to help and component it to others who are innocent about specifically toward to their health. Experiencing being a student head nurse is inviolable as it adds my capabilities to behave my snip, and my staff nurses. I have been a leader for some time now but I need more experience to be better than before. I am non at my best now as leader as I havent thus far experience every problem and responsibilities b ut I want to get better than I am now.Being a leader is hard because responsibilities weighs more than you expect, for your time, group and for yourself. But as I experience it once, twice or more to it, it is very helpful due to that I improve from before. Finding myself being a student head nurse is part of being a student but when I experience it was a little hard because I have difficulty at first in coping because it is my first time to lead a group in ER but I can manage.I was a little bit of loss for a minute on how to manage my time but I made a time table on the different things I have to manage from the start towards the end likely checking the works of my group mates and reminding them of the different responsibilities they have to prioritize first on the certain time. I was at ease because I felt diabolical that my group mates work with less supervision and questions as the before group mates I have had. Some take initiatives for the different assigned work for our repo rt. They manage to finish it on time and we communicate well.They also show respect with it comes to work as they call me maam, which I am not used to, during our shift of duty. I also was glad that I experience current and improved group mates. The things that I experienced as a leader was uncountable and unforgettable, due that I experienced new in every leadership that I account for. Responsibilities are just at our head and the moment we move forward it comes our way so we must be ready, so every experience that we take, took it as learning and a good endeavor to become a good leader not for other people but also for yourself.

The Spread of the Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The Spread of the Renaissance EssayWhat do Da Vinci, Petrarch, Alberti, Erasmus and Shakespeare become in common? More than just being from Europe, these great men of arts and litearned run averageture both flourished during the Medieval Ages. They are all product of the renaissance period and greatly enriched the development of philosophy and secular humanism during this period right after the Dark Ages. Renaissance, which literally means re kin in French, was a cultural movement in Europe. This era took place mainly in Italy then later spread passim Europe from 14th to 17th centuries. Generally, it was characterized by the revival of learning based on classical sources in the fields of philosophy, religion, politics, literature, arts and science.The primary subject of renaissance was humanism. People believed in the active search for cognition instead of accepting what already existed (Renaissance, 2007). It was the time when the ancient Greek and Roman literature were re discovered and relearned. The convalescence was headed by Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarch. Instead of writing in Latin, which was the lingua franca of the church and the elite during that era, these writers wrote in Italian. This paved the government agency for other writers succeeding them to follow their beginning. These writers wrote epic poems all in Italian.In Italy, the spread of public knowledge in religious and secular understanding was due to the establishments of public libraries and translation of classical Latin kit and caboodle into vernaculars. One significant work was that of Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, which gave light to a study of modern politics.The spread of Renaissance in other parts of Europe came in the mid-15th to 16th century. It was exported to France by King Charles the VIII after he invaded Italy. The exportation included Italian artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Francois Rebelais, Pierre de Ronsard and Michael de Mantaigne. Da Vinci, on ace hand, has built for France spectacular palaces. He was renowned for his great works like Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, two tasty renditions that has transpired through ages. He had become one of the famous icons of the Renaissance.The wave also reached Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Ger some though the centers of this movement came to be France and England. In England, more than simply the expansion of the arts, Renaissance also impacted the religious practices and beliefs. The period is near related to the Protestant Reformation that divided the powerful Roman Catholic Church.The reformation led by Martin Luther brought forth the creation of other religious movements Calvinism, Presbyterianism, Anabaptism and Anglicanism. On the other hand, writers like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Milton and Edmund Spencer gave life the position literature. Shakespeare has already become the greatest embodiment of classical English literature.The Renaissance Age t ruly gave birth to new understanding of previously acclaimed knowledge of the arts. Furthermore, it has paved a way for more knowledge and ideas to flourish. not only that the Italians are the masters that provided inspiration (Defining the Renaissance, 2007) but it had come to give evaluator to the arts of other countries. Though it was mainly focused in Europe, the effect, impact and influence of the era has traversed many continents, races and generations. The movements, products, inventions and ideologies that were created during that era are still regarded until this present to be the exemplary and catalyst for the current movements. The Modern era has been greatly influenced by this period of history.ReferencesRenaissance. (2007). Research Machines. Retrieved September 17, 2007 fromhttp//www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0011726.htmlDefining the Renaissance (2007). aspect at the Renaissance. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http//www.open.ac.uk/Arts/rena issance2/defining.htm

Basant as a Cultural Heritage of Lahore Essay Example for Free

Basant as a heathen Heritage of Lahore EssayBasant as a cultural heritage of Lahore by Yasir Raza Naqvi Lahore is an exceptionally festive ur chuck out center. The batch of Lahore commemorate more fiestas and events throughout the year, amalgamating Mughal, Western and current trends. This blending is extended to include the grand and historically significant fiesta of Basant. Though unearthlyly non a Muslim cultural event, it is widely renowned by the Muslim majority population Lahore. It is precisely payable to the same reason coupled with former(a) non-Islamic practices that it has come under severe criticism by the mullahs. The jubilance of Basant grew at an increasing rate in the late 90s till 2005 where it suddenly came under ban due to an increasing follow of deaths caused by highly tensile glass coated threads. Due to the official recognition during Musharrafs ahead of time regime, increase making had become an industry, employing hundreds of thousands of p eople. The implementation of ban of kite temporary followed by the ban on kite making left almost 500,000 families employed.Political turmoil followed by the ban on Basant added bereavement to the already crawling economy of Pakistan as the progeny of tourists who came to Lahore just to see the magnificent event of Basant brutish tremendously. Therefore, In this essay, I tend to analyze the tri fold significance that Basant holds for Lahore. I would briefly shed go down on the history of Basant and its transformation over the years till to daytime coupled with the criticism it confront by religious elements of Pakistan.I would later explain how Basant becomes the center of tourist attraction, and generates a serve up of receipts for the topical anesthetic industry thus securing an important position in translating the cultural heritage of Lahore. I would alike seek to mention the reasons for the implementation of ban on Basant and propose solutions to uplift it. In the pre -partitioned Punjab, Hindus, e fussyly of Lahore- notable Basant by flying kites.It was precisely during that time that the Muslims of Lahore, almost equal in number-comprising of the 48% of the population of Lahore, were instructed by the mullahs of that time to refrain from celebrating the event as it was typically a Hindu festival. However, the youth of that time did prevail part in the event by flying kites. After partition, almost all the Hindus had left Lahore for India just their tradition of Basant remained and even today Lahoris take pride in Basant and fly kites from their rooftops with the same enthusiasm.Being the historic capital of Punjab in that respect is no other place where Basant is elebrated with as much vigour and enthusiasm as the ancient city of Lahore. Traditionally, a festival confined to the old-walled city, it has now send throughout the city. The celebration of Basant is uncomplete without the kites and it is for the same reason that Michael Palin i n his hold back Himalaya says E reallyone in Lahore flies their kites for a day. (Palin) Marshall Cavendish in his book People of Western Asia briefly states about the history of Basant and its celebration in the following words Lahores start festival, Basant (buh-SAHNT) in any case known as Jashen-e- Baharan), is famous in February or March each year.It is an ancient festival that has become increasingly popular in recent years, attracting visitors from other parts of the country. Basant is celebrated with feasting, music, dance and crafts, and the wearing away of yellow costumes or scarves, a symbol of the bran- hot spring. The most striking feature of the festival is the kite flying. Thousands of kites of all shapes, sizes and colors fill the skies and soar from parks and city roofs. At night, music rings and piece of music white kites are flown, which reflect lights and fireworks.Throughout Pakistan there are local spring fairs with folk dance feasting fairground attr actions, such as swings and ferries wheels (sometimes made of wood in rural areas) music and sporting contests. (Cavendish) The celebration of this event which includes the spending on the purchase of kites has constantly being termed by the mullahs as un Islamic. In an kindle piece written by Roy McCarthy in The Guardian (17th May 2003), a young woman supporter of the Jamiyat (religious party) is reported as vehemently arguing against Basant. It is not Pakistani culture. Pakistanis dont need new festivals.The most obnoxious part of the Basant is that it encourages young men and women to dance together and drink alcohol. This is not Islam. This is not Pakistan. This is not part of our civilization. (The Guardian) The cry by the Jamiyat and other religious parties to impose ban on strictly religious grounds, that is, Basant being a Hindu festival and thus unIslamic therefore it should not be celebrated for the same reason might not be a reasonable argument.Firstly because, Basan t is more of an ethnic event and it was celebrated by the Hindus and Muslims (the younger lot) alike by flying kites on Basant day and kite flying is more of a sport in the contemporary world, so the question of kite flying being Islamic or unIslamic does not arise . Secondly, there is no denial to the fact that godliness is very important and integral part of the culture of Pakistan entirely we should remember that cultural traditions are also a cause to celebrate and if nothing else the celebration of Basant can be viewed by the specific group of the ethnic group.This is further strengthened by the description made by Sheikh Saleem, lahori and a local kite maker, eid musalmanon ki hoti hai or Basant lahoriyon ki. Thus it is purely a cultural event and Basant and kite-flying contrary to fundamentalist perceptions had nothing to do with religion. Thirdly, Basant has always been supported by the sufis of the past who were the early preachers of Islam in the subcontinent and were all very close to religion of Islam. However, during times when the state comes under religious influences (MMA had an impressive victory in October 2002), there are efforts to discourage what is, afterwards all, not a religious festival. Pakistan (Rengel) Sufis of Sub-Continent digest a convention of adjusting to the local culture and language of the places they visited to spread Islam. The Chishti sufis, have not only tried to relate to the South Asiatic culture and music, they even tested and developed different cultural forms.Basant is a living example of religious open-mindedness and respectfulness of other creations of God. Previously, it was these Dargahs and Khaneqahs, which served as basis where people could share equal liberty, message of transparency and oneness. Basant is a tradition initiated eight hundred years ago by the famous poet emeer Khusro. Thus, the sufis of the past, namely Nizamuddin Auliya, Baba Zaheen Shah, Amir Khusro also took part in celebrating the event of Basant through songs. The song sung on Basant commemorates a special event in a saints vitality. Blum and Neuman) Kite-making and kite-flying interdependent on one another spread from the confines of undroon sheher across Lahore, and as the city of Lahore expanded, so did the mountain.It grew to such a degree that it attracted people from near the world and made Lahore a place of great tourism for Pakistan and a dynamic source of income for its residents. The festival of Basant transformed over the years due to the introduction of kites of different shapes, sizes and colors and as Saeed writes Kite bit is an integral part of the Basant Kite festival. Saeed) It is precisely this magnificent display of kite flying on Basant day that made Lahore famous and thus it became the center of tourist attraction.People belonging to upper as thoroughly as lower scotch classes from roughly the country and beyond packed city hotels for a a couple of(prenominal) days of late-night f estivities. Thus, as the celebrations of Basant got bigger and bigger, more and more support started coming in the form of endorsements by the government, and sponsorship and advertisement by multi-nationals in the private sector such as Coca Cola, Pepsi and Nestle. Official statement of District Chief Nazim of Lahore, 2003, Basant had created a business of Rs. 2 to 3 billion in the province and provided lot of opportunities to common people and owners of cottage industries in the country. To some independent estimates overall euphoria of Basant would generate economic activities of Rs. 4 to 4. 5 billion in the province in 2004. (Khan) Gradually, the event which was once a command celebration of spring became overly competitive and transformed from being a fun sport to a killer sport claiming hundreds of innocent lives.As the nature of Basant changed so did the demand for the kinds of kites needed and thus new models, enormous kites and dors toughened with steel wire, chemical and glass to have room for the kite-fighting of Basant replaced the traditional kite design, size and thin dors that never utilized anything more than starch. These changes are in-fact the root of the present dilemma. Kite flying on Basant has taken 505 lives in the last 2 years. The supreme court of Pakistan has mentioned 45 kite-flying related deaths in city over the last six months and 460 last year. Zia) The factor that makes this activity even deadlier is that the dangers to human life from this commotion are multi pronged. In simpler words, the group of people affected by this cannot be specified. Actually, it is so bad and all-around a group that the risks seem horrendous. Unlike other hazardous sports, the activity of celebrating Basant and more specifically more often than not, affects people who are not even slightly related to kite flying. The deaths quoted higher up are a testament to this argument.A majority of these deaths were of the unfortunate motorcycle riders who c ouldnt endure the wounds after the stray string section, used for kite flying, cut open their throats. Then there were deaths due to the distraction caused by these stray strings. Young boys running after and chasing kites also add up to to this very ill-fated club. The number of wounded people and the number of accidents that kite flying on Basant has been causing is alarming to say the least. entirely the horror doesnt end here.Many kite flyers were victims themselves deaths caused by falling off rooftops, electric shocks due to the use of metal strings and obviously they too have the hazard of the stray thread slitting their throats. The cleansing of innocent people was not the only reason that the government imposed at a ban on basant. The monetary losses caused by kite-flying are astonishing. Fluctuations in the power supply and frequent electricity trippings have become identical with Basant.Pakistan Times show a grim picture As many as 48,173 power trippings were caused by kite flying were recorded in different parts of the tike metropolis during the first quarter of current fiscal year. (Pakistan National News Desk). Every year, the Basant days in Lahore are like a mini-blackout. And the people who have to take the toll are the people who have to work through days and nights to ensure that the people get uninterrupted power supply. The sharp strings and metal twangs can cut through the insulation of wires and every day, hundreds of transformers are left burnt and rendered useless.LESCO The losses suffered by LESCO 350 jillion rupees during the last 4 years ending 2003 out of which a loss of Rs. 20 trillion was caused in 2002 by metal wires. Moreover, one grid station had been damaged by metal wire every year during this period resulting in a loss of Rs. 8 to Rs. 9 million and the destruction of 210 feeders. (LESCO) It is estimated that if there are 50 one-hour breakdowns, it costs Rs. 2. 5 million to WAPDA Steel and glass-edged wires are pr oscribed but manufacturers still report roaring trade. (Pakistan times) Kite making is traditionally a family enterprise. down every kite is the effort of a minimum of six people.The skill is one that they acquire in their virasat as Baqir Ali Butt stated. In some ways kite-making has been altered by the changing circumstances of Lahore but in other ways it has stayed the same. It continues to provide employment for men, women and children, including handicapped persons and the incomes of 500, 000 people are dependent upon the trade Around 500,000 families, directly related to the kite flying business, have lost their sources of livelihood because of the ban on Basant The ban is costing them Rs 200 million annually, and at the same time damaging other businesses that are indirectly related to the festival.They said that the people related to the industry, including kite makers, twine (dor) makers, wholesalers and retailers, had lost their means of earning a living. The cost of the paper used in kite making is estimated at around Rs 90 million and the cost of the twine used for flying kites is estimated at around Rs 40 million. The process of making kites involves around Rs 40 million, said Lahore Kite Flying Association General Secretary Sheikh Muhammad Saleem. These were taken two years back.Now the number must have jumped, he said, adding that 500,000 families had suffered because of the ban. (Dawn International) (Tasleem) The Supreme Court on Friday order the Punjab police to register and take affidavits from the manufacturers of strings for kite flying in the province that they would not recruit metallic and other dangerous strings which play havoc with human lives and power lines during Basant festivities. The National accumulation was recently informed that Wapda lost Rs30. 2 million in revenues due to Basant-related mishaps in the Punjab from 1999 to February 2004.

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Automobile Industry Essay bullocky demand growth due to ascending incomes, increase middle class, and a young population is likely to propel India among the worlds perish five auto- makers by 2015 Growth in export demand is also set to accelerate.Tata Nano and the upcoming picture element study opened up the potentially large ultra low cost car sh atomic number 18 Innovation is likely to intensify among engine technology and alternative fuels.Advantage India ascending investments policy take holdIndia has significant cost advantages auto firms save 10-25 per pennyime on operations in India compared to Europe and Latin America A large pool of skilled manpower and a ripening technology vile will induce greater investments. The presidency aims to develop India as a world(a) manufacturing as intimately as RD hub There has been a wide array of policy support in the form of sops, taxes and FDI encouragement.FY10 commercialise size USD57.7 billionNotes RD question and deve lopment, FDI Foreign direct investment FY Indian financial year (April March) FY16E estimated public figure for financial year 2016 estimates are from the governments Automotive Mission Plan (2006 2016) ADVANTAGE INDIA.For updated information, ravish ring www.ibef.org.3.Automotives majestic2012 confine Advantage India commercialise overview and trends Growth drivers Success stories Maruti, Tata Motors Opportunities Useful informationFor updated information, delight visit www.ibef.org4Automotives horrible2012Evolution of the Indian automotives sector20.4 one thousand thousand units (2012) 11 million units (2007) 2008 forrader 0.6 million units (1992) 1983 1992 0.4 million units (1982) Before 1982 Closed trade Only 5 players Joint venture (JV) Indian government and Suzuki to form Maruti Udyog started outturn in 1983 Component manufacturers also entered via JV route Buyers market 1993 -2007 Sector de-licensed in 1993 Major original equipment manufacturers (OEM s) started assembly in India Imports allowed from April 2001 Introduction of value added tax in 2005 More than 35 players in the market Removal of most import controls Indian companies gaining global identity Long waiting periods and outdated models Sellers market radical Tata Motors, Society of Indian AutomobileManufacturers (SIAM), Aranca Research, Notes JV Joint Venture mart OVERVIEW AND TRENDSFor updated information, amuse visit www.ibef.org5Automotives alarming2012The automotives market is split into four segmentsAutomobiles cardinal-wheelers passenger vehiclesCommercial vehiclesThree-wheelersMopedsPassenger carsLight commercial vehiclesPassenger carriersScootersUtility vehiclesMotorcyclesMulti-purpose vehicles ordinary and heavy commercial vehiclesGoods carriersElectric twowheelersFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS6AutomotivesAUGUST2012 revenue enhancements have been growing at a strong paceGross turnover of automobile manufactu rers in India expanded at a CAGR of 17.7per cent over FY07-1 1 Excluding three wheelers, cars account for the largest share of revenues (66.2 percent in 2010) Revenue trends over the past few years in USD million70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.5 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 66.2% 36.6 33.3 21.5% Trucks Cars 58.6 CAGR 17.7% 43.3Market* break-up by revenues (2010)12.3% two Wheelers lineage SIAM, Datamonitor, Aranca ResearchNote *does not include three wheelersFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS7AutomotivesAUGUST2012Sectors growing strength evident from rise in total doing figures fit production of automobiles in India (million units)16.012.0 7.6 8 8.4 10.0 8.0 6.0 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.5 0.6 1.8 2.4 4.0 6.5 8.5Notes CAGR Compound annual growth rate10.5Passenger vehicles was the fastest growing segment during that period with a CAGR of 14.5 per cent14.013.40.8 0.83.02.00.0FY05FY06FY07FY08FY090.4 0.5FY100.6 0.6FY11FY 12Passenger vehicle Three WheelersCommercial Vehicle Two WheelersSource SIAM, Aranca ResearchFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS0.8 0.83.115.5Automobiles production increased at a CAGR of 13.2 per cent over FY05-1218.08AutomotivesAUGUST2012Market break-up by production volumeTwo wheelers dominate production volumes in FY12, the segment accounted for more than three quarters of total automotives production in the countryMarket share by volume (FY12)In fact, India is the worlds second largest two wheeler producer the country is also the fourth largest commercial vehicle producer4% 4% 16% Two Wheelers Passenger Vehicle Commercial Vehicle Three Wheelers 76%Source SIAM, Aranca ResearchFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS9AutomotivesAUGUST2012Market break-up of individual segments by production volumes (1/2)Shares in production of rider vehicles (FY11)Shares in production of commercial vehicles (FY11)11.5%P assenger cars8.1% 36.0% MCV HCV Passenger Carriers MCV HCV Goods Carriers LCV Passenger Carriers 49.7% 6.1% LCV Goods CarriersUtility vehicles/multipurpose vehicles 88.5%Source SIAM, Aranca Research Notes LCV Light commercial vehicle MCV Medium commercial vehicle HCV Heavy commercial vehicleFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS10AutomotivesAUGUST2012Market break-up of individual segments by production volumes (2/2)Shares in production of three wheelers (FY12)Shares in production of two wheelers (FY12)15.8% Goods carriers15.6%5.3% MopedsMotorcycles Passenger carriers Scooters 84.2% 79.1%Source SIAM, Aranca ResearchFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS11AutomotivesAUGUST2012Exports have also grown strongly (1/2)Automobiles export volumes increased at a CAGR of 22.4 per cent over FY05FY12 Over this period, the fastest growth was in the two wheeler segment (25.8 per cent) followed by three wheelers (21. 9 per cent)Exports of automobiles from India (million units)2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 0.5 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.03 0.10.2 0.04 0.10.2 0.05 0.10.2 0.06 0.10.04 0.20.04 0.20.08 0.3FY05FY06FY07FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12Passenger VehicleCommercial VehicleThree WheelersTwo WheelersSource SIAM, Aranca ResearchFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS0.10.412AutomotivesAUGUST2012Exports have also grown strongly (2/2)Two wheelers accounted for the largest share in exports (by volume) at 67 per cent in FY12 Passenger vehicles account for a sizeable 18 per cent of overall exportsExports shares by volume (FY12)18% Passenger Vehicle 3% 12% 67% Commercial Vehicle Three Wheelers Two WheelersSource SIAM, Aranca ResearchFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS13AutomotivesAUGUST2012Presence of a clear attractor in from each one segment of the marketThe automotives industry is concentrated with m arket leaders in each segment commanding a share of over 40 per centMarket Leader Passenger Vehicles MCVs HCVs LCVs Three Wheelers 45% 16%Others15% 7%63%23%7%59%30%4%4%41%40%10%MotorcyclesScooters59%24%7%6%51%21%14%Source SIAM, Aranca ResearchNotes Data is for FY1010%For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS14AutomotivesAUGUST2012Notable trends in the Indian automotives sector Large number of products available to consumers across confused segments thisNew product launcheshas gathered pace with the entry of a number of foreign players Reduced overall product lifecycle have forced players to employ quick productlaunchesImproving productdevelopment capabilities Increasing RD investments from both the government and the private sector Private sector innovation has been a key determinant of growth in the sectortwo good examples are Tata Nano and Tata Pixel while the former has been a success in India, the latter is intended for foreign markets In FY11, the CNG market was worth more than USD330 million and CNG carsAlternative fuelsand taxis are judge to register a CAGR of 28 per cent over FY11-FY14 The CNG distribution network in India is expected to increase to 250 cities by2018 from 30 cities in 2009For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgMARKET OVERVIEW AND TRENDS15AutomotivesAUGUST2012Contents Advantage India Market overview and trends Growth drivers Success stories Maruti, Tata Motors Opportunities Useful informationFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.org16AutomotivesAUGUST2012Sector has been benefitting from strong demand and product innovationGrowing demand Growing demandPolicy support Strong government supportIncreasing investmentsRising incomes, young populationInviting great handiness of credit and financing optionsGoal of establishing India as an automanufacturing hubRD focus GOI has set up technology modernisation strain Large domestic market Policy sops, FDI encouragementResulting inRi sing investments from domestic and foreign players Greater innovation in products market segmentationStrong growth in exports as wellStrong projected demand making returns attractiveNotes GOI Government of IndiaFor updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgGROWTH DRIVERS17AutomotivesAUGUST2012Rising incomes and a growing middle class driveway domestic demand growth Rising incomes growing middle classChanging income dynamics of Indias population70 million households Aspirers annual income INR90,000200,000 Seekers annual income INR200,000500,000 Strivers annual income INR500,0001,000,000 Globals annual income INR1,000,000Personal (nominal) disposable income is expected to rise annually at 8.5 per cent over FY11-15 Rising middle class size of the middle class expected to touch 550 million by 2025 from 50 million in 2010 Favourable demographics a young population is also driving up the demand for cars Demand for commercial vehicles have got a boost due to development of roadways and greater market access6050 40 30 20 10 0 2005 Strivers 2010 Seekers 2015 divestDeprived annual income